草业学报2025，Vol.34Issue(6)：27-45,19.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2024399
绿肥部分替代化肥氮对土壤物理性状的影响
Effects of partial replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizers with green manure on soil physical properties and maize(Zea mays)yield
摘要
Abstract
The partial replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizers with green manure can improve crop yields and soil physical properties.A two-factor split-plot field experiment with maize and hairy vetch was conducted from 2020 to 2022.The main treatment was the cultivation mode before maize planting[winter fallow field(FF)and total return of hairy vetch planted in the winter fallow field(HV)]and the sub-treatment was the nitrogen application level[0 kg·ha-1(0%N),135.0 kg·ha-1(50%N),270.0 kg·ha-1(100%N)]to maize as the following crop.The soil physical properties were determined by measuring soil aggregate composition and distribution,mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD)of aggregates,percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD),soil erodibility factor(K),soil bulk density(BD),total porosity(TP),capillary porosity(CP),non-capillary porosity(NCP),maximum water holding capacity(MWHC),capillary water holding capacity(CWHC),non-capillary water holding capacity(NCWHC),soil organic carbon(SOC)content,and aggregate-associated organic carbon(AOC)content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil horizons.Maize yield was also determined.The results showed that,compared with FF,HV significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregates(R0.25)in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil horizons by 8.95%and 13.13%,MWD by 40.84%and 62.87%,GMD by 30.57%and 51.68%,TP by 5.89%and 5.02%,CP by 1.47%and 0.76%,NCP by 4.42%and 4.25%,MWHC by 15.01%and 13.11%,CWHC by 6.41%and 3.32%,NCWHC by 27.08%and 27.86%,and SOC content by 7.29%and 7.10%,respectively;and significantly reduced PAD by 8.83%and 12.14%,K by 20.79%and 30.73%,and BD by 5.99%and 7.31%,respectively.The AOC content of each particle size fraction in each soil layer and maize yield were significantly higher in HV than in FF.The nitrogen application level had significant or extremely significant impacts on the AOC content of each particle size fraction in each soil layer,R0.25,and other soil physical indexes and maize yield.The following indexes were not significantly different between the FF100%N and HV50%N treatments:SOC content,AOC contents of the>5 mm fraction of the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil horizons,AOC content of the 0.50-1.00 mm fraction of the 0-10 cm soil horizon,the BD,TP,CP,NCP,MWD,CWHC,NCWHC of the 10-20 cm soil horizon,and maize yield.However,the following indexes were higher in the HV50%N treatment than in the FF100%N treatment:AOC contents of the 2.00-5.00 mm,1.00-2.00 mm,0.25-0.50 mm,and<0.25 mm fractions of the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil horizon,AOC content of the 0.50-1.00 mm fraction of the 10-20 cm soil horizon,the R0.25,MWD,and GMD of the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil horizons,and the TP,NCP,MWHC,and NCWHC of the 0-10 cm horizon.The PAD and K of the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil horizons and the BD of the 0-10 cm soil horizon were significantly lower in HV50%N than in FF100%N.There were significant or extremely significant correlations between the AOC content of each particle size fraction and SOC content;the content of each particle size fraction and the AOC content;soil physical property indexes and the content of each particle size fraction;and maize yield and soil physical property indexes.The increased SOC content after returning green manure laid the foundation for improved aggregate structure,enhancing soil erosion resistance and WHC.The addition of nitrogen and organic carbon derived from green manure improved the soil's physical properties.The use of green manure achieved the aims of reducing chemical nitrogen inputs and increasing yield.关键词
毛叶苕子/施氮水平/土壤有机碳含量/土壤物理性状/玉米产量Key words
hairy vetch/nitrogen application level/soil organic carbon content/soil physical properties/yield of maize引用本文复制引用
秦文利,刘振宇,潘璇,代云霞,刘忠宽,张静,肖广敏,崔素倩,叶建勋,智健飞,张立锋,谢楠,冯伟..绿肥部分替代化肥氮对土壤物理性状的影响[J].草业学报,2025,34(6):27-45,19.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190090107),河北省省级科技计划(21327503D)和河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-ZHS-7,2022KJCXZX-ZHS-8)资助. （2021YFD190090107）
