草业学报2025，Vol.34Issue(6)：227-238,12.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2024347
不同混合比例和乳酸菌添加对全株玉米和大豆混合青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响
Effects of different mixture ratios and lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of mixed silage made from whole maize(Zea mays)and soybean(Glycine max)plants
摘要
Abstract
Maize(Zea mays)and soybean(Glycine max)are often grown with a strip intercropping cultivation mode in southern China.The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different mixture ratios and the addition of lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of mixed silage made from whole maize and soybean plants.Whole plants of maize and soybean were harvested separately,crushed,and mixed at various proportions,and then additives were added before ensilage.A two-factor completely randomized experiment was conducted.Factor A was the ratio of maize to soybean(based on mass,in kg),with the following treatments 1:0(A1),2:1(A2),1:1(A3),1:2(A4),and 0:1(A5).Factor B was the type of lactic acid bacteria added,with the following treatments:Lactobacillus buchneri(LB),Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),and no Lactobacillus(L0).After 60 days of fermentation,the nutritional quality,fermentation quality,and aerobic stability of the silages were analyzed.The results showed that the effect of the interaction between the mixing ratio and the addition of lactic acid bacteria was extremely significant(P<0.01)for the contents of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin,ether extract,and crude ash,the pH value,the contents of lactic acid,acetic acid,and propionic acid,the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio(NH3-N/TN),and the duration of aerobic stability of the maize-soybean mixed silages.The contents of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,and lactic acid were significantly higher in the A2 and A3 mixed treatment groups than in the other three mixed treatment groups(P<0.05).Compared with the L0 group,all treatments in the LP group,except for the A4 mixed treatment group,had significantly higher lactic acid contents(P<0.05)and significantly lower crude ash contents(P<0.05).Except for the A5 mixed treatment group,the other mixed treatment groups in the LP group had significantly lower pH values than those of the L0 group(P<0.05).Compared with the L0 group,all the mixed treatment groups in the LB group had significantly lower acid detergent lignin contents(P<0.05).The acetic acid content was significantly higher(P<0.05)in the A1,A2,and A3 mixed treatment groups than in the other groups,and the duration of aerobic stability was also longer.A grey relational analysis was conducted based on the 11 core indicators of each mixed silage treatment group.Among all the treatment groups,the top three in terms of a good ensilage effect as indicated by the weighted relational degrees were A2LP,A3LB,and A1LP.In conclusion,when making silage from whole maize and soybean,the mass proportion of soybean should be less than or equal to that of maize,and L.plantarum should be added to improve the fermentation quality.关键词
混合青贮/全株玉米/全株大豆/混合比例/乳酸菌Key words
mixed silage/whole-plant maize/whole-plant soybean/mixing ratio/lactic acid bacteria引用本文复制引用
匡宗洋,穆麟,魏岚,郭阳,胥贵,陈瑶,石雪云,魏仲珊,张志飞..不同混合比例和乳酸菌添加对全株玉米和大豆混合青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业学报,2025,34(6):227-238,12.基金项目
湖南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZYQ085)资助. （2024ZYQ085）
