长江科学院院报2025，Vol.42Issue(6)：94-101,8.DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20240439
宁夏清水河流域水土保持作用下的水沙效应研究
Water and Sediment Effects of Soil and Water Conservation in Qingshui River Basin,Ningxia
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Current studies on the causes of water-sediment variation in the Yellow River mainly focus on the middle reaches' hyperconcentrated sediment region or the Hekou-Longmen reach.Fewer studies have ad-dressed the evolution of water-sediment relationships in typical tributaries of the upper reaches.Most existing re-search focuses on influencing factors of total water-sediment changes,with limited investigations on the driving fac-tors behind water-sediment relationship evolution.The basin's water-sediment effects under large-scale ecological restoration measures urgently need to be revealed.[Methods]This study took the Qingshui River Basin(QRB),the largest and most severely eroded tributary in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River,as the research object.Based on the actual water and sand data measured in the research area from 1955 to 2016,trend analysis and wa-ter-sediment relationship curves were used to reveal the characteristics of water-sediment changes.Multi-source data were employed to analyze the response of water and sediment to key influencing factors,ultimately exploring the e-volution of basin water-sediment relationships under soil and water conservation.[Results]The interannual varia-tions in runoff and sediment transport in the QRB were drastic.Annual runoff and sediment transport in Guyuan showed a significant downward trend.Annual runoff in Hanfuwang exhibited a significant decline,while annual sed-iment transport showed a non-significant decrease.Annual runoff and sediment transport in Quanyan Mountain showed no significant changes.Significant abrupt change years were observed in both annual runoff and sediment transport in the QRB.The abrupt change in annual runoff occurred in the 1990s,while that in annual sediment transport occurred after 2000.The periods of strong soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau were close to the above abrupt change years of water-sediment factors.Sediment production in the QRB was jointly influ-enced by climate change(precipitation)and human activities.Drastic changes in the underlying surface caused by human activities were the primary factor leading to the sharp reduction in water and sediment in the QRB,further driving the evolution of basin water-sediment relationships.After 2000,the basin's water-sediment relationship un-derwent a distinct transformation,specifically manifested as a significant decrease in the coefficient"a"of the wa-ter-sediment relationship curve and a notable increase in the downstream index"b".Drastic changes in the underly-ing surface caused by human activities remained the primary factor driving water-sediment changes and the evolution of basin water-sediment relationships.[Conclusions]The water-sediment relationships in the basin have evolved as a result of large-scale soil and water conservation measures.Based on the sediment"storage-release"effect,the probability of strong sediment transport events still exists under new water-sediment conditions,necessitating strengthened preventive measures.关键词
水沙效应/河流输沙变异特性/气候变化/水土保持/"储存-释放"效应/黄河流域Key words
water and sediment effect/sediment transport variation/climatic change/water and soil conservation/storage-release/Yellow River Basin分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨军,徐敬华,曾晨军,刘昌慧..宁夏清水河流域水土保持作用下的水沙效应研究[J].长江科学院院报,2025,42(6):94-101,8.基金项目
广东省水利科技创新项目(2020-21) （2020-21）
