工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2025，Vol.17Issue(3)：397-411,15.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20230017
新中国成渝铁路建设的历史考察(1950-1952)
Historical Investigation of Chengdu—Chongqing Railway Construction in the People's Republic of China(1950-1952)
摘要
Abstract
The Chengdu-Chongqing Railway,the first railway line constructed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China after the establishment of New China,is the focus of this study.Drawing on archives and newspapers,this paper chronicles the construction process of the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway,with an emphasis on its construction model.Findings reveal that during the construction process,the Southwest Military and Political Committee effectively coordinated leadership,managed relationships among all parties,and established a unified coordination mechanism.The Southwest Railway Engineering Bureau,primarily composed of retired military officers,adopted the organization and discipline of the revolutionary army.This not only guided local road construction work but also monitored local operations,infusing the bureau's daily management with a strong semi-military character,which significantly expedited the construction progress.The establishment of the Southwest Railway Engineering Committee was aimed at coordinating the relationships among various construction army engineering corps,railway bureau engineering sections,and other related departments.It also oversaw the reorganization of road construction teams and coordinated the relationship between military workers and unemployed workers to ensure the progress of the project.Additionally,road-building command centers were established at various levels to manage the civilian road construction workers.To alleviate the burden on the public,the Southwest Military and Political Committee decided that military workers would take the lead in road construction.Upon arrival at the construction site,the military workers learned road construction through practice.Furthermore,the exemplary conduct and care provided by the military teams greatly boosted the morale of the unemployed workers participating in the road construction.In November 1950,following the return of the military construction corps,the Southwest Military and Political Committee decided to mobilize civilian workers along the railway to continue road construction.After mobilization,more than 100000 civilian workers participated in the road construction,leading to a collaborative construction landscape involving both the military and civilians.In terms of construction materials,due to the blockade imposed by Western countries on China in the early years of the People's Republic,coupled with the inconvenience of transportation in the Southwest,the Southwest Military and Political Committee proposed a policy of"collective planning and local sourcing".The required materials for the project were mainly sourced locally.Simultaneously,during the construction process,assistance was provided by Soviet experts in various aspects ranging from roadbed construction,bridge erection,tunnel excavation,to sleeper laying,track laying,and rail manufacturing.However,as railway construction is a complex systematic project involving survey design,roadbed laying,tunnel excavation,and bridge erection,the rapid progress of the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway project could not be achieved without the support of railway technical personnel,in addition to local road construction material support and help from Soviet experts.The main technical staff of the Southwest Railway Engineering Bureau mostly came from the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway Engineering Bureau,the Hunan-Guangxi-Guizhou Railway Construction Section Engineering Bureau,and the Baoji-Tianjin Railway Engineering Bureau,all established during the era of the Nanjing Nationalist Government.Concurrently,the Ministry of Railways has also deployed technical personnel from other railway bureaus across the country to support the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway.In addition,the Southwest Railway Engineering Bureau has also cultivated its own technical talents according to developmental needs.In summary,throughout the construction process of the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway,from the establishment of management institutions to construction organization and the resolution of technical issues,the Southwest Railway Engineering Bureau has maximized the integration and mobilization of social resources,and initially explored a project organization model of"concentrating efforts on major undertakings".This model differs in terms of institutional management,construction entities,and support methods compared to the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway construction during the Nationalist Government era.Undeniably,as the first attempt of the Chinese Communist Party's leadership in new railway line construction,the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway,due to its one-sided pursuit of construction speed and the adoption of a method of simultaneous surveying,design,and construction,coupled with the fact that the new railway line construction system was not yet well established at this period,there were issues with project norms,quality,and safety.However,it is worth affirming that the completion and opening of the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway not only changed the traditional transportation pattern of Sichuan but also had a significant impact on the economic and social development along the route.Until the construction period of the"Third Front"in the 1960s,this new line construction model was still applicable.At that time,the Chinese Communist Party once again concentrated limited human,material,and financial resources to rapidly advance the construction of the Southwest Railways such as Guiyang-Kunming,Chengdu-Kunming,and Xiangyang-Chongqing in a"campaign"style,further accelerating the pace of China's railway construction development.关键词
西南铁路工程局/成渝铁路/工程组织模式/铁路建设Key words
The Southwest Railway Engineering Bureau/Chengdu-Chongqing Railway/project organization model/railway construction引用本文复制引用
刁成林,田永秀..新中国成渝铁路建设的历史考察(1950-1952)[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2025,17(3):397-411,15.基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目:基于口述史的铁道兵精神及其当代价值研究(21CDJ030) （21CDJ030）
四川省社会科学"十四五"规划2021年度重大项目:四川铁路史(SC21ZD012) （SC21ZD012）
