河南农业科学2025，Vol.54Issue(6)：1-10,10.DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.001
不同茬口对冬小麦干物质积累和转运、氮素吸收利用及产量的影响
Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
Five cropping patterns were established,including winter wheat—summer maize,winter wheat—summer peanut,winter wheat—summer soybean,winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer peanut,and winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer soybean,and the effects of different preceding crops on dry matter accumulation and transportation,nitrogen uptake and utilization,and yield of winter wheat were studied,so as to identify optimal rotation pattern for enhancing wheat yield and provide theoretical support for diversified cropping pattern selection in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.The results showed that under the summer soybean stubble,winter wheat exhibited the highest dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption at different growth stages overall.At maturity,dry matter accumulation under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 15.2%,5.0%,13.3%and 8.4%compared with summer maize,summer peanut,summer maize intercropping with summer peanut,and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles,respectively;Nitrogen absorption increased by 11.3%,2.3%,13.6%and 14.5%,respectively.Compared with summer maize,summer peanut,summer maize intercropping with summer peanut,and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles,the pre-anthesis dry matter transport amount under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 25.4%,18.6%,37.6%and 16.4%,the pre-anthesis transport rate increased by 7.0%,9.6%,14.3%and 5.6%,while the contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter transport to grain yield increased by 8.5%,12.8%,23.6%and 7.3%,respectively.The pre-anthesis nitrogen transport rate,contribution rate of pre-anthesis nitrogen transport to grain nitrogen,and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation were higher.The nitrogen absorption efficiency was the highest,with increases of 11.3%,7.1%,15.2%and 15.9%.The nitrogen utilization efficiency was the highest under summer maize intercropping with soybean stubble,followed by summer soybean stubble,with no significant difference between them but both significantly higher than the other treatments.Under summer soybean stubble,wheat spikes number increased by 20.5%,5.9%,20.0%and 16.0%,while yield significantly increased by 16.0%,11.9%,15.9%and 5.8%,respectively,compared with summer maize,summer peanut,summer maize intercropping with summer peanut,and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles.In conclusion,summer soybean stubble promotes aboveground biomass production and nitrogen absorption of winter wheat,enhances spike number,and increases yield,so the winter wheat—summer soybean pattern was the optimal cropping system.关键词
冬小麦/茬口/干物质积累与转运/氮素吸收利用/产量Key words
Winter wheat/Preceding crop/Dry matter accumulation and transportation/Nitrogen uptake and utilization/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王海洋,李向东,贺德先,靳海洋,宋航,潘秀燕,闫雅倩,杨习文,曾昭海,臧华栋,郑念..不同茬口对冬小麦干物质积累和转运、氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2025,54(6):1-10,10.基金项目
河南省重点研发专项(251111110900) （251111110900）
河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-G5) （HARS-22-01-G5）
河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC003) （2024ZC003）
河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2023TD07) （2023TD07）
河南省科协青年人才托举工程项目(2025HYTP073) （2025HYTP073）
