煤质技术2025，Vol.40Issue(3)：51-62,12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7677.2025.03.006
Lewis酸催化剂在Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应中的研究进展
Research progress of Lewis acid catalysts in Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions
摘要
Abstract
Friedel-Crafts acylation is one of the important reactions to form carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis.Lewis acid has high activity and plays a key role in promotingacylation reaction,which can greatly promote the development of Friedel-Crafts acylation green catalysis and resource utilization technology.The applica-tion progress of Lewis acid catalysts in Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction was reviewed.Different types of Lewis acid catalysts were classified into metal halide Lewis acid catalysts,trifluoromethanesulfonate Lewis acid catalysts,composite Lewis acid catalysts and non-metallic Lewis acid catalysts.The unique advantages and potential applications of Lewis acid catalysts in promoting the synthesis of aromatic ketones were revealed.The optimization di-rection of the practical problems of various catalysts was proposed,and the development prospects of catalysts with higher efficiency,selectivity and environmental sustainability were prospected.The traditional metal halide Lew-is acid catalyst represented by AlCl3 has the advantages of strong catalytic ability,activation of different electrophilic substrates,good reaction selectivity,low price and easy industrial production,but its biggest disadvantage is that it cannot be used for many times.The Lewis acid catalyst of trifluoromethanesulfonate is suitable for catalytic synthesis in aqueous phase,aqueous organic phase,organic phase and solvent-free system.It has the advantages of mild con-ditions,low dosage,high efficiency,easy recycling and no loss of activity.It meets the requirements of atomic e-conomy of green chemistry and can activate a variety of acylation agents,including carboxylic acids.However,its production cost is high,the catalyst is highly corrosive,and it does not have universal applicability to various react-ants.The activation ability of inert electrophilic substrates is weak,and the regioselectivity of specific reaction sites is poor.The composite lewis acid catalyst is a coupling of metal halides,trifluoromethanesulfonate,and Brønsted acid to participate in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in the traditional corresponding scenario,which can re-duce the amount of metal halides while giving full play to the characteristics of various catalysts and improving produc-tion economy.Boron trifluoride-based non-metallic Lewis acid catalysts have become outstanding catalysts,provi-ding high yield and selectivity with minimal environmental impact.Their remarkable reusability and relatively low waste generation make them sustainable alternatives to traditional metal-based catalysts.The field development trend of Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of Lewis acid is to adopt more sustainable and efficient synthesis methods and contin-ue to explore new catalytic systems.Future research work should focus on further reducing the impact of acylation reac-tion on the environment,expanding the scope of substrates and expanding promising catalytic systems for commercial use,that is,metal chlorides should be more flexibly selected with lower catalytic amounts to participate in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in the corresponding scenarios.关键词
Friedel-Crafts酰基化/Lewis酸催化剂/金属卤化物/三氟甲磺酸盐/芳香酮合成/反应选择性Key words
Friedel-Crafts acylation/Lewis acidcatalyst/metal halide/trifluoromethanesulfonate/aromatic ke-tones synthesis/reaction selectivity分类
化学工程引用本文复制引用
李恒,毛学锋,李军芳,钟金龙,孙莹,谢闯..Lewis酸催化剂在Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应中的研究进展[J].煤质技术,2025,40(3):51-62,12.基金项目
煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司科技发展基金资助项目(2024ZDI-04) （2024ZDI-04）
中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2023-2-TD-ZD008) （2023-2-TD-ZD008）
