中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(11)：2096-2117,22.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.11.004
施氮量对不同源库类型粳稻物质积累与氮素吸收的影响
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Uptake in Different Source and Library Types of Japonica Rice
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the overground part material accumulation and nitrogen transport of japonica rice with different sources and library types under different nitrogen application conditions,in order to select the japonica rice strain with high yield and high nitrogen efficiency,and explore the optimal nitrogen application rate for the growth of this japonica rice variety,ultimately achieve an increase in yield.[Method]The trial was conducted in 2022-2023,with the source library interaction type Yangchan35003,source restriction type Yangchan35002,and library restriction type Yangchan35004 as test materials,and the split zone design was adopted.Four nitrogen application treatments of 180 kg·hm-2,225 kg·hm-2,270 kg·hm-2 and 315 kg·hm-2 were set.The yield,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen related indexes(mainly taking nitrogen transport efficiency,nitrogen transport contribution rate,harvest index,nitrogen harvest index,grain production efficiency,dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer productivity as the evaluation indexes of nitrogen utilization efficiency)of different types of japonica rice under each treatment were measured at the key stage,the changes of different types of japonica rice under different nitrogen treatment were analyzed in the bar chart,and the influence of nitrogen application on material accumulation and transport was delved;the index mean value and variation coefficient of japonica rice were compared,the differences in indicators caused by different nitrogen application amounts were eliminated,and the differences between different types of japonica rice were highlighted;by using the correlation coefficient,the relationship between yield types of japonica rice and nitrogen utilization efficiency were explored,and the influence of nitrogen application on the accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen utilization and yield of japonica rice in heading and maturity period were analyzed.[Result](1)Applying additional nitrogen fertilizer within the range of 180-315 kg·hm-2 could significantly increased the yield of each type of japonica rice(9.68%-29.19%),dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at heading stage(3.26%-28.57%and 8.57%-47.91%),and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity stage(1.01%-24.84%and 3.83%-57.98%)during the two-year period.Meanwhile,it was also beneficial to improve nitrogen transport capacity of leaves and stem at maturity stage.(2)Under the same nitrogen application conditions,the accumulation of dry matter,the accumulation of nitrogen,1000-grain weight and setting percentage in Yangchan35003 were higher than that in Yangchan35002 and Yangchan35004(29.08%-44.12%,9.32%-29.21%,11.40%-15.42%,17.67%-40.70%and 25.93%-44.13%,18.25%-26.17%,6.16%-8.30%,-1.50%-13.96%,respectively)during the two-year period,the final yield exceeded the two types of japonica rice(24.26%-32.33%and 21.14%-30.05%higher than the yield Yangchan35002 and 35004,respectively)during the two-year period.(3)The high nitrogen transport capacity was not a unique feature of the source library interaction type strain.In this experiment,under the same nitrogen level condition,the nitrogen transport efficiency of Yangchan35004 was similar to the source library interaction type strain in the experiment,but the nitrogen intake was lower than Yangchan35003(15.43%-20.74%),and the yield was lower than Yangchan35003(17.45%-23.11%)during the two-year period,so it was a low yield and high nitrogen efficiency rice strain.[Conclusion]Under the condition of applying 270 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen fertilizer,Yangchan35002 could significantly optimize the synergy utilization efficiency of nutrients and temperature-light resources,enhance the nitrogen absorption and transportation capacity of plants,and improve the yield performance of the population.It was determined as the optimal combination in this experiment.关键词
粳稻/产量/氮肥/物质积累/氮效率Key words
japonica rice/yield/nitrogen fertilizer/material accumulation/nitrogen efficiency引用本文复制引用
周宇,张洪程,周年兵,孙童,张艳红,汝艳,苏坦,王帅,朱金燕,胡金龙,熊强强..施氮量对不同源库类型粳稻物质积累与氮素吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(11):2096-2117,22.基金项目
江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022338)、江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]036)、扬州大学-海安市共建农业科技现代化先行县项目(HA-XXY-2022-01) （BE2022338）
