储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(6)：2278-2319,42.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1256
高电压钴酸锂正极:关键挑战、改性策略与未来展望
High-voltage lithium cobalt oxide cathode:Key challenges,modification strategies and future prospectives
摘要
Abstract
The development of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy density,long cycle life,high power density,and wide operating temperature range is urgently needed to promote the development of high-end portable electronic devices.Lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO2,LCO),the most effective cathode material in portable applications,faces critical challenges such as limited charging cutoff voltage,low specific capacity,unsatisfied fast charging capability,and wide temperature range performance.In this study,we systematically examine the failure mechanisms and challenges of high-voltage LCO cathodes,evaluate recent advances in modification strategies,and outline future research directions.First,we examine the key failure mechanisms of high-voltage LCO cathodes and basic crystal and band structures,such as bulk structure failure process(e.g.,complex phase transition,irreversible interlayer slippage,and crack initiation/propagation),interface failure process(e.g.,cobalt migration and dissolution,oxygen release,electrolyte catalytic decomposition,HF attack,and cathode-electrolyte interphase degradation),and failure mechanisms under complex working conditions(e.g.,high-voltage and fast charging,high-voltage and high-temperatures).Second,we review representative modification strategies and mechanisms,including the improvement of lithium-ion diffusivity and bulk-phase stability through bulk element doping,e.g.,lithium,cobalt,oxygen,and multisite doping.The enhancement of structural stability and ionic/electronic conductivity of the surface-interface through chemical manipulation,including surface coating(e.g.,ionic conductors,electronic conductors,ionic/electronic insulator materials),in-situ surface-interface structural conversion using wet-chemical and thermochemical methods,electrolyte manipulation through modified additives,and in-situ electrochemical surface-interface conversion process.The optimization of ion-electron transport in electrodes by improving adhesives,conductive agents,and electrode structures.Finally,we outline forward-looking research directions for high-voltage LCO cathodes,including(1)structural design of high-voltage LCO(>4.6 V);(2)design and control of high-voltage(>4.6 V)LCO-electrolyte interface;(3)synthesis of LCO for high-voltage fast charging(>4.6 V,>50 C)and high-voltage wide operating temperature range(>4.6 V,-60-70℃);(4)optimization mechanism of modified LCO via advanced in-situ characterization and simulation;and(5)system design and cell construction of high-specific energy fast charging and high-specific energy wide temperature batteries.This review provides comprehensive insights and theoretical guidance for designing high-voltage LCO cathodes and other layered cathode materials for next-generation LIBs.关键词
钴酸锂/高电压/快充/宽温域/锂离子电池Key words
lithium cobalt oxide/high-voltage/fast charging/wide temperature range/lithium-ion battery分类
动力与电气工程引用本文复制引用
王功瑞,张安萍,任萱萱,杨铭哲,韩宇宁,吴忠帅..高电压钴酸锂正极:关键挑战、改性策略与未来展望[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(6):2278-2319,42.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1504100),国家自然科学基金(22125903,22409191,22439003,22005298),辽宁省应用基础研究计划(2022JH2/101300210). （2022YFA1504100）
