煤田地质与勘探2025，Vol.53Issue(6)：1-21,21.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.04.0263
煤矿钻孔物探的技术进展及攻关方向
Technical advances and research directions of borehole geophysical prospecting for coal mines
摘要
Abstract
[Background]High-precision and long-distance exploration of geological conditions is required for coal ex-traction and disaster prevention in coal mines.However,traditional drilling and geophysical prospecting methods face technical bottlenecks such as insufficient exploration accuracy and limited exploration ranges.Borehole geophysical pro-specting technology integrates the reliable and straightforward axial results of drilling with the high-resolution trans-verse results of geophysical prospecting,providing technical support for safe,efficient,and intelligent coal mining.Based on the construction spaces,this study categorizes borehole geophysical prospecting technology into four types:i.e.,intra-borehole,inter-borehole,borehole-surface,and borehole-roadway.Furthermore,it presents the primary ad-vances and applicable conditions of the former three types from the perspective of basic principles,technological ad-vances,and application examples.[Progress]For intra-borehole geophysical technology,high-frequency(HF)reflec-tion radar within a near-horizontal borehole in coal mines allows for the coal-rock interface exploration and geological structure identification within a radial distance range of 0 to 10 m.The three-component transient electromagnetic tech-nology deployed within a borehole can pinpoint low-resistance anomalous zones within a radial range of 30 m.Mean-while,borehole 3D laser scanning assists in reconstructing underground goaves with centimeter-level precision.For inter-borehole geophysical prospecting technology,inter-borehole CT imaging based on electromagnetic or seismic waves en-ables precise delineation of anomalous bodies including faults,collapse pillars,and burnt areas through trans-borehole tomography.Using inter-borehole seismic and electromagnetic wave joint perspective,combined with velocity and res-istivity interpretations,the properties of inter-borehole geological anomalous bodies can be inferred.Regarding borehole-surface geophysical prospecting technology,the reverse vertical seismic profile(RVSP)method,which adopts seismic excitation in a borehole and geophones on the surface,enables high-precision spatial positioning of goaves.The borehole-surface charging method assists in estimating the static water reserves of goaves by delineating the distribution range of the electric fields of low-resistance conductors.[Prospects]Future research and development efforts in borehole geo-physical prospecting technology should focus on directional exploration while drilling,far-field radial exploration,and dynamic monitoring based on multiple fields and parameters.Furthermore,it is necessary to establish an integrated bore-hole geophysical prospecting technical chain that incorporates exploration,detection,and monitoring and construct a 3D,transparent geological model driven by cluster borehole data.These will provide a transparent geological guarantee for safe,efficient,and intelligent coal mining.关键词
钻孔物探/钻孔雷达/钻孔瞬变电磁/孔间地震/孔间电法/RVSP/充电法Key words
borehole geophysical prospecting/borehole radar/borehole transient electromagnetic/inter-borehole seis-mic exploration/inter-borehole electrical method/reverse vertical seismic profile(RVSP)/borehole-surface charging method分类
地质学引用本文复制引用
程建远,颜羽,李宇腾,王盼,赵睿,蒋必辞..煤矿钻孔物探的技术进展及攻关方向[J].煤田地质与勘探,2025,53(6):1-21,21.基金项目
国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3008903) （2023YFC3008903）
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0268,2024JC-YBQN-0331) （2024JC-YBQN-0268,2024JC-YBQN-0331）
中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司科技创新基金项目(2024XAYKF01,2023XAYJS08) （集团）
