煤田地质与勘探2025，Vol.53Issue(6)：22-47,26.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.04.0290
我国富氦盆地成藏模式对煤系氦气富集和勘探的启示
Implications of helium accumulation models in helium-rich basins in China for the enrichment and exploration of helium in coal measures
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Helium is a strategic resource in serious short supply in China,and intensifying its exploration is crucial to national resource security.China enjoys abundant coal measure gas and significant potential for associated helium accumulation.However,relevant research remains in its infancy.[Methods]Based on a summary and analysis of helium generation,migration,and accumulation theories in natural gas reservoirs,this study systematically investigated the enrichment patterns of helium in coal measures and proposed exploration targets.[Results and Conclusions]The in-sights reveal that the helium resources in China exhibit a distribution pattern of zoning in both north-south and east-west directions.Specifically,helium-rich basins in China are distributed in three regions:the eastern mantle-derived helium-rich region,the central crust-derived helium-rich region,and the western region rich in helium from a crust-mantle mix-ing source.The spatial differentiation of these helium resources is governed by both the structural types of basins and re-gional evolutionary background.Helium accumulation follows a dynamic process consisting of helium exsolution from source rocks,cross-strata migration,and accumulation in traps.This process is jointly controlled by the sealing perform-ance of helium sources,the effectiveness of migration pathways(fault systems and the capillary pressure of micropores),hydrodynamic fields,and reservoir-cap rock configuration.Among these factors,traps serve as a dominant factor in heli-um accumulation,helium vertical migration primarily occurs through fault systems,lithological reservoir-cap rock con-figuration provides auxiliary helium sealing,and the dissolution-exsolution mechanism facilitates local helium enrich-ment as a supplement.In coal-bearing basins,helium exhibits a prolonged generation period compared to coal-seam hy-drocarbons.However,the spatiotemporal coupling of helium and hydrocarbons can be observed during peak helium ac-cumulation.Coal measures serve as dual helium sources(i.e.,self-generation endogenous and self-storage exogenous he-lium),forming multi-layer stacked helium-bearing systems by combining natural gas reservoirs.Helium in coal measure is characterized by multi-source mixing,widespread association with other gases,three-dimensional enrichment,and low concentration.Therefore,its accumulation mechanisms involve multiple critical scientific issues including the con-tributive degrees of multiple sources,cross-system diffusion dynamics,the accumulation-controlling effect of structures,and the evaluation of low-abundance resources.Future exploration should focus on microstructural systems in tectonic-ally active zones,multiple types of coal measure reservoirs,deep reservoirs,and basin-margin gas reservoirs.It is recom-mended to conduct the exploration and production of helium in coal measures following the philosophy of"compensat-ing quality with quantity".Specifically,the risk exploration of helium in coal measures in representative potential re-gions such as the Ordos Basin,western Guizhou,and eastern Yunnan should be prioritized;it is necessary to develop a comprehensive technical system that incorporates the selection of the optimization target areas and the commingled pro-duction of multiple coal measure reservoirs and involves the entire chain covering exploration,development,and utiliza-tion,and it is advisable to integrate helium purification technologies and the"helium-coal-gas"collaborative develop-ment model.All these will help achieve the efficient production of helium in coal measures.The result of this study will offer a theoretical reference and technical pathway for the exploration of helium in coal measures,thereby contributing to the national helium resource security.关键词
氦气/煤系气/伴生气/构造/煤/成藏模式Key words
helium/coal measure gas/associated gas/structure/coal/accumulation model分类
石油、天然气工程引用本文复制引用
李云波,王成涛,宋党育,史小卫,王荣琪..我国富氦盆地成藏模式对煤系氦气富集和勘探的启示[J].煤田地质与勘探,2025,53(6):22-47,26.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42272210) （42272210）
河南省地质研究院科技攻关项目(2025-904-XM03) （2025-904-XM03）
