覆盖模式对黄土旱塬区春玉米生长及水分利用的影响OA北大核心
Mulching Patterns on Growth and Water Use of Spring Maize in Loess Plateau Dryland Area
为了研究黄土旱塬雨养旱作区不同覆盖模式对春玉米生长及水分利用的影响,寻求雨养旱作区聚水保墒地膜减量覆盖优化覆盖模式.于2021年起设置了3种覆盖模式的定位试验,聚乙烯地膜宽膜覆盖(PM)、生物降解地膜宽膜覆盖(BM)、聚乙烯地膜与生物降解地膜减量条带覆盖(FH),研究了不同覆盖模式对春玉米土壤水分、绿叶面积指数、产量及水分利用的影响.结果表明,FH处理对土壤水分恢复效果优于PM和BM处理,至第二个种植季结束,FH处理较PM处理显著提高了深层土壤的水分含量,较PM处理提高7个百分点,较BM处理提高2.5个百分点.FH处理显著延缓了干旱胁迫对绿叶面积的不利影响,干旱期FH处理扬花期绿叶面积指数较PM和BM增加了11.9%~15.7%,而收获期FH处理较PM和BM处理均能增加春玉米绿叶面积指数4.3%~113.8%.FH处理较PM、BM处理增加百粒重3.9%~11.3%.2年平均产量FH处理较PM增产4.7%,较BM增产7.6%,减少平均耗水量9.2%~11.5%,降水利用效率与平均水分利用效率分别较M、BM处理增加5.5%和22.2%、7.7%和19.2%.综上所述,FH覆盖减少了生物降解地膜投入量,同时具有与PM相似保墒能力,降水较多时聚水保墒性能优于PM和BM,可以作为旱作雨养区地膜减量覆盖优化覆盖模式.
To study the effects of different mulching patterns on the growth and water use of spring maize in the rain-fed dryland of the Loess Plateau,research was conducted to seek an optimized mulching pattern for water harvesting and moisture conservation using reduced plastic film mulching in rainfed areas.Starting in 2021,a fixed-location experiment was set up with three mulching patterns:wide polyethylene film mulching(PM),wide biodegradable film mulching(BM),and reduced-width strip mulching using both polyethylene and biodegradable films(FH).The study examined the impact of these different mulching patterns on soil moisture,green leaf area index,yield and water use in spring maize.The results indicated that the FH treatment had a superior effect on soil moisture restoration compared to PM and BM treatments.By the end of the second planting season,the FH treatment significantly increased the moisture content in deep soil layers,showing a 7-percentage-point increase over the PM treatment and a 2.5-percentage-point increase over the BM treatment.FH treatment significantly delayed the adverse effects of drought stress on the green leaf area with the leaf area index during the flowering stage under drought conditions increasing by 11.9%to 15.7%compared to PM and BM,and by the harvest stage,the leaf area index of spring maize increased by 4.3%to 113.8%compared to PM and BM treatments.FH treatment increased 100-seed weight by 3.9%~11.3%compared with PM and BM treatment.The 2-year average yield FH treatment increased by 4.7%compared with PM and 7.6%compared with BM,the average water consumption decreased by 9.2%~11.5%,the precipitation efficiency and average water efficiency increased by 5.5%and 22.2%,7.7%and 19.2%compared with M and BM treatment,respectively.In summary,FH mulching reduced the input of biodegradable film while maintaining similar moisture conservation capabilities as PM.Under conditions of higher precipitation,the water harvesting and moisture conservation performance of FH was superior to both PM and BM,making it a viable optimized mulching pattern for reduced plastic film use in rainfed dryland areas.
王磊;樊廷录;赵刚;党翼;李尚中;张建军;周刚;徐静
甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070||部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070山东农业大学化学与材料科学学院,山东 泰安 271018
农业科学
黄土旱塬区春玉米水分利用效率生物降解地膜地膜覆盖
Loess plateauspring maizewater use efficiencybiodegradable mulchmulch film
《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》 2025 (3)
477-485,9
甘肃省农业科学院院列重点研发计划(2022GAAS38)国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700,2016YFB0302402,2021YFD1100500)甘肃省重大专项(21ZD4NA022)国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-55)
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