南都学坛2025，Vol.45Issue(4)：26-35,10.
晚清牛痘术和牛痘局的兴起
The Rise of Cowpox Vaccination and the Establishment of Vaccination Bureaus in the Late Qing Dynasty
摘要
Abstract
In ancient China,the treatment of smallpox was mainly based on variolation.At the beginning of the 19th century,merchants introduced the improved and innovative cowpox vaccination and vaccine into Macao and Guangzhou in China,and some local progressive gentry and physicians gradually learned and practiced.Through the publication of books,and by passing down knowledge to apprentices and descendants,the practice began to spread to inland provinces in the first half of the 19th century.By the reigns of Emperors Daoguang,Xianfeng,and Tongzhi,cowpox vaccination had reached regions such as Hunan,Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,and Henan.Local gentry and merchants funded the establishment of cowpox vaccination bureaus,most of which were charitable,community-based institutions aimed at providing vaccination services to the general public.During the Guangxu period,cowpox vaccination bureaus were widely established across the country,and the government began to actively intervene,further accelerating the spread of vaccination practices.关键词
天花防疫/牛痘术/牛痘局/邱熺Key words
smallpox prevention/cowpox vaccination/vaccination bureau/Qiuxi(1773-1851 AD)分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
张秀丽,李紫慧..晚清牛痘术和牛痘局的兴起[J].南都学坛,2025,45(4):26-35,10.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国近代慈善义演珍稀文献整理与研究"(项目编号:17ZDA203). （项目编号:17ZDA203）
