生物技术通报2025，Vol.41Issue(6)：38-48,11.DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1239
基因组进化过程中的基因丢失机制与功能研究进展
Research Progress in the Mechanisms and Functions of Gene Loss in Genome Evolution
摘要
Abstract
Gene loss is widespread among organisms and is one of crucial mechanisms in the evolution of genomes,contributing significantly to environmental adaptation and speciation.However,how gene loss happens and its implications remain unclear.This review synthesizes research progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms,functional consequences,and bias patterns of gene loss.Gene loss primarily arises from intrinsic mechanisms such as DNA replication errors,transposon activities,and chromosome structural variations,with additional influences from genetic drift,natural selection and other evolutionary forces.While gene loss can enhance the survival and reproductive capacities of organisms by optimizing resource utilization,streamlining metabolic pathways,and improving environmental adaptability,it likely inhibits adaptive flexibility to environmental changes due to the loss of critical functional genes,thereby increasing survival risks.Gene loss demonstrates non-random preferences,which is influenced by gene function,expression level,dosage sensitivity,genomic location,and protein network topology.Gene loss interacts with gene duplication,horizontal gene transfer(HGT)and other mechanisms to maintain a dynamic balance between genome reduction and expansion.In the future,it is essential to investigate the trade-offs and risks associated with gene loss,to clarify the mechanisms of gene loss in regulating adaptive strategies and its impacts on environmental adaptation,particularly in speciation and adaptive evolution,and ultimately to advance its applications in genetic and bioengineering breeding.关键词
基因丢失/基因组进化/适应性进化/基因功能/丢失偏好性Key words
gene loss/genome evolution/adaptive evolution/gene function/loss bias引用本文复制引用
周熠,刘勇波..基因组进化过程中的基因丢失机制与功能研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2025,41(6):38-48,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31200288) （31200288）
