中国畜牧兽医2025，Vol.52Issue(6)：2582-2591,10.DOI:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.012
填饲时间对北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、营养品质和肠道形态的影响
Effects of Overfeeding Time on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Nutritional Quality and Intestinal Morphology of Pekin Ducks
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the optimal overfeeding time for Pekin ducks and investigate the effects of different overfeeding times on the growth performance,slaughter performance,nutritional quality and intestinal morphology.[Method]150 1-day-old Pekin ducks with similar body weights were randomly divided into five groups using a single factor randomized experimental design.Each group consisted of 6 replicates,with 5 Pekin ducks in each replicate.The latter 7,5,3 and 1 d of the fattening period(36-42 days old)were overfed four times per one day,being force-fed for 1(OF1 group),3(OF3 group),5(OF5 group)and 7 days(OF7 group),respectively and the OF0 group was the control group without overfeeding.The experimental period was 42 days.After the experiment,the Pekin ducks were weighed and their production performance was calculated.Two Pekin ducks were selected from each replicate group for slaughter and their slaughter performance was measured.The sebum and pectoral muscle tissues of Pekin ducks were collected for the detection of fatty acid and amino acid content,respectively.Duodenal,jejunal,and ileal tissues of Pekin ducks were collected for histopathological sectioning.[Result]①Compared with OF0 group,the final weight and average daily gain of Pekin ducks in OF3,OF5 and OF7 groups were significantly higher(P＜0.05),and the feed-to-weight ratio in OF7 group was significantly higher(P＜0.05).②Compared with OF0 group,the slaughter rate,percentage of eviscerated yield,leg muscle weight(rate)and breast muscle weight(rate)of Pekin ducks in the four overfeeding groups were all not significant(P＞0.05),but the live weight,dressing weight and sebum weight(rate)of Pekin ducks in OF3,OF5,and OF7 groups were all significantly higher(P＜0.05).③ Compared with OF0 group,the contents of total fatty acids(TFA),saturated fatty acids(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA),and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFA)in the skin fat of Pekin ducks in OF1 group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while the contents of TFA and MUFA in the skin fat of Pekin ducks in OF3 and OF5 groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the content of SFA in the skin fat of Pekin ducks in OF5 and OF7 groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the contents of PUFA,n-3 PUFA,and n-6 PUFA in the skin fat of Pekin ducks in OF3 group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the n-6/n-3 ratio showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the content of total amino acids(TAA)in the pectoral muscle tissue of Pekin ducks(P＞0.05),but the content of essential amino acids(EAA)in the pectoral muscle tissue of Pekin ducks in OF7 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).④ Compared with OF0 group,overfeeding could lead to different degrees of shedding,inflammatory cell infiltration and even necrosis of the villous structure in small intestine of Pekin duck.[Conclusion]Overfeeding could significantly improve growth performance,slaughter performance and sebum nutrient content of Pekin ducks,but it would damage the intestinal morphology and structure.Thus the optimal overfeeding time was recommended to be 3 days for comprehensive consideration.关键词
填饲/北京鸭/生长性能/屠宰性能/肠道形态Key words
overfeeding/Pekin ducks/growth performance/slaughtering performance/intestinal morphology分类
畜牧业引用本文复制引用
吕学泽,任海媛,王梁,谢实勇,杨卫芳,刘钧,武书庚,吴迪梅,刘砚涵..填饲时间对北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、营养品质和肠道形态的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2025,52(6):2582-2591,10.基金项目
"十四五"国家重点研发计划子课题(2021YFD1300300) （2021YFD1300300）
2024年地理标志北京鸭全产业链提升项目(11000024T000002810090) （11000024T000002810090）
