表面技术2025，Vol.54Issue(13)：16-28,61,14.DOI:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2025.13.002
合金共沉积多尺度机理与功能镀层调控进展
Multiscale Mechanisms and Functional Coating Regulation Advances of Alloy Co-deposition
摘要
Abstract
Alloy co-deposition technology,serving as an advanced method of material preparation by concurrently depositing multiple metal ions,has gained wide recognition due to its straightforward equipment requirements,adaptable process,and remarkable deposition efficiency,as well as its capacity to confer specific functional attributes.Originally circumscribed to conventional domains including automotive,aerospace,its application scope has been progressively expanded into emerging fields exemplified by biomedicine,energy,and microelectronics.In light of the imperative and urgent demand for precisely manipulating the composition,structure,and properties of alloys with the aim of augmenting material performance,a profound comprehension of the underlying mechanisms governing alloy co-deposition has emerged as a matter of paramount importance.This comprehensive review undertakes a meticulous dissection of the alloy co-deposition process by adopting a dual-faceted approach integrating conventional electrochemical theory and quantum mechanics.From the vantage point of electrochemistry,it delves into the deposition process as a series of precisely delineated steps,including metal ion transportation,interfacial charge transference,and the subsequent nucleation and growth of alloy phases.It is noteworthy that appropriate metal ion ratios and additive concentrations play a facilitating role in alloy co-deposition and contribute to the formation of smooth coating morphologies.Cathodic current density exerts an influence on the electrocrystallization mode and the grain size of the coating within a certain range.Moreover,pH value can modify the solvation state and the reduction potential of metal ions,while temperature affects the activity and solubility of each component and mass transfer.These factors interact complexly and are crucial in optimizing the deposition process.Special emphasis is placed on the anomalous co-deposition behaviors between iron group metals,as well as between them and Zn,Cd or Sn,which often deviate from the expected deposition patterns.Quantum mechanics provides an atomic-scale perspective that augments our comprehension of the manner in which the electronic structure,encapsulated by concepts such as Fermi energy levels and energy band structure,impacts the reduction potential and the adsorption of metal ions at the cathode surface.Through the integration of these theoretical frameworks,a systematic scrutiny is conducted on the influence exerted by solution composition,concentration,electrodeposition parameters,substrate materials,and external factors on the deposition process,thereby unearthing crucial regulatory mechanisms conducive to augmenting alloy plating performance.In addition,this review expounds upon the application of co-deposition technology as well as its variants and extensions in the fields of energy storage and conversion,advanced microelectronic devices,and materials protection,including pulsed electroplating,electroless plating,electrochemical atomic layer deposition,laser-assisted electrodeposition,electrodeposition-redox replacement technology,electrochemical additive manufacturing,and electrochemical stripping technology,thereby attesting to the versatility and latent potential of this technique in fabricating high-performance materials.It highlights the key role played by the synergy between computational simulations and experimental methods,which is essential for the design and optimization of alloy materials.Looking ahead,it ardently advocates for the innovation and development of environmentally friendly co-deposition processes in harmony with the global transition towards sustainability.Such processes,minimizing environmental footprint while boosting material performance,present substantial opportunities for forthcoming research and industrial adoption.关键词
合金共沉积/机理/量子力学/影响因素/表面工程Key words
alloy co-deposition/mechanism/quantum mechanics/influencing factors/surface engineering分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
贺颖,徐子暄,丁运虎,张天遂,李广芳,刘宏芳..合金共沉积多尺度机理与功能镀层调控进展[J].表面技术,2025,54(13):16-28,61,14.基金项目
特种表面保护材料及应用技术国家重点实验室开放基金(2023) Open Fund for State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology(2023) （2023）
