爆炸与冲击2025，Vol.45Issue(7)：19-29,11.DOI:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0227
民机结构坠撞性能缩比实验方法研究
Research on scaled experimental method of civil aircraft crash performance
李肖成 1惠旭龙 2白春玉 1刘小川 1张欣玥 1韩鹤朝 1徐绯 3冯威 3杨先锋4
作者信息
- 1. 中国飞机强度研究所,陕西 西安 710065||强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065||陕西省飞行器振动冲击与噪声重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065||结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065
- 2. 中国飞机强度研究所,陕西 西安 710065||强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065||陕西省飞行器振动冲击与噪声重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065||结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065||西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072
- 3. 西北工业大学航空学院,陕西 西安 710072
- 4. 北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京 100191
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
The small-scale test has several advantages,such as low cost,low risk,and short duration,and has been widely applied in aerospace and other fields.Taking the lower structure of a typical civil aircraft fuselage as the research object,this study conducted theoretical analysis and experimental methodology of scaling on the impact crashworthiness of civil aircraft structures.Using a dimensional analysis,the complex dynamics of the fuselage crash were simplified to identify key physical parameters and processes.The main objects,critical physical parameters,and physical processes involved in the aircraft crash were discussed,leading to the extraction of key basic physical parameters and the derivation of primary dimensionless numbers that control the crash response of the fuselage structure.Based on the Buckingham Π theorem,the scaling factor for civil aircraft crashes was derived,establishing the small-scale experimental methodology.A 1/4 scale experimental model was designed and fabricated,and an impact test at a speed of 6 m/s was performed.The velocity,acceleration,ground impact load,deformation,and failure modes of key components in both full-scale and small-scale crash tests were obtained and compared.The applicability and accuracy of the small-scale theory in the crash experiment of the civil aircraft fuselage frame section were verified.The results show that the deformation and failure modes of the frames and columns of the 1/4 scale model are in good agreement with those of the full-scale model.The peak crash load prediction error of the small-scale structure for the full-scale prototype structure is 14.4%,the peak seat acceleration prediction error is 14.8%,and the peak acceleration prediction error at the beam is 13.1%.The small-scale tests can effectively predict the deformation,failure process,and dynamic response of key parts of the full-scale prototype structure.Therefore,the small-scale test could be used to verify and evaluate the crash performance of civil aircraft structures.关键词
民用飞机/缩比理论/坠撞性能/实验方法Key words
civil aircraft/scaling theory/crash performance/experimental method分类
数理科学引用本文复制引用
李肖成,惠旭龙,白春玉,刘小川,张欣玥,韩鹤朝,徐绯,冯威,杨先锋..民机结构坠撞性能缩比实验方法研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2025,45(7):19-29,11.
