核农学报2025，Vol.39Issue(8)：1817-1828,12.DOI:10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.08.1817
新疆小麦肥料利用效率及其影响因素研究
Study on Wheat Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in Xinjiang
摘要
Abstract
To clarify the fertilization characteristics and fertilizer use efficiency of wheat in Xinjiang,this study conducted 42 field trials in the main wheat-growing regions of Xinjiang from 2021 to 2022.The experimental treatments included blank control(CK),nitrogen-deficient(PK),phosphorus-deficient(NK),potassium-deficient(NP),and full fertilizer(NPK).The objective was to analyze the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer use efficiency,agronomic efficiency,yield response,nutrient accumulation characteristics,and the influence of soil fertility on fertilizer use efficiency under current production conditions.The results showed that the average fertilizer use efficiencies for nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in Xinjiang's wheat-growing areas were 40.35％,20.43％,and 64.42％,respectively,with average agronomic efficiencies of 10.05,11.02,and 17.30 kg·kg-1.The average yield responses of wheat to nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers were 2 242.32,1 424.17,and 898.89 kg·hm-2,respectively.On average,100 kg of wheat grain required 2.79 kg of nitrogen(N),0.91 kg of phosphorus(P2O5),and 2.10 kg of potassium(K2O).The use efficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was significantly negatively correlated with soil available nitrogen content,while potassium fertilizer use efficiency was highly positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer application.The nitrogen fertilizer application in Xinjiang's wheat cultivation was relatively appropriate;however,excessive phosphorus fertilizer input was observed,while potassium fertilizer input seemed insufficient.In conclusion,based on the current fertilization practices and fertilizer performance,future fertilization management should reduce phosphorus fertilizer inputs while increasing potassium fertilizer inputs to further improve wheat yield and fertilizer use efficiency,thus promoting sustainable agricultural development.This study provides essential data support for scientific fertilization practices and the reduction of fertilizer usage while improving fertilizer efficiency in Xinjiang wheat cultivation.关键词
小麦/肥料利用率/农学效率/施肥量Key words
wheat/fertilizer utilization rate/agricultural efficiency/fertilization amount引用本文复制引用
宫进波,吴海华,汤明尧,宁松瑞,闫翠侠,傅国海,盛建东,许有智..新疆小麦肥料利用效率及其影响因素研究[J].核农学报,2025,39(8):1817-1828,12.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023B02002),农业农村部化肥减量增效项目(2021-2022) （2023B02002）
