中国土壤与肥料Issue(5)：106-116,11.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.24511
优化施氮对西南地区露地辣椒氮素利用率及土壤矿质氮残留的影响
Effects of optimised nitrogen application on nitrogen use efficiency and soil mineral nitrogen residues of open field pepper in Southwest China
摘要
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer input on pepper yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and residual amount of mineral nitrogen(Nmin)in soil,this study aimed to determine the critical plant nitrogen concentration and residual amount of Nmin in root-zone soil,and make clear the optimal nitrogen application rate for pepper production in Southwest China.A field trial with pepper was conducted in Southwest China in 2023.Five treatments were set up:0 kg/hm2(N0),30%reduction of optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate(175 kg/hm2,N175),optimal nitrogen application of 250 kg/hm2(N250),30%increase of optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate(325 kg/hm2,N325)and farmer's nitrogen application practice of 400 kg/hm2(N400).The results showed that there was a linear-platform relationship between pepper yield and nitrogen application rate.There was no significant difference in pepper yield,above-ground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the N250 treatment,compared to the N400 treatment.However,the proportion of dry matter distribution and nitrogen distribution in pepper fruit were significantly increased by 10.3%and 9.6%,respectively.Nitrogen recovery efficiency,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were significantly increased by 45.0%,55.1%and 56.1%,respectively.In addition,there was a linear-plateau relationship between above-ground dry matter accumulation of pepper and above-ground plant nitrogen concentration as well as Nmin residue in root-zone soil.The above-ground critical plant nitrogen concentrations required for maximum upper dry matter accumulation at flowering and fruit-setting stage,middle-fruiting stage,peak-bearing stage and end fruiting stage of pepper were 30.0,26.3,24.2 and 26.5 g/kg,respectively.The residual Nmin in critical root layer soil was 77.7,67.2,56.9 and 48.2 kg/hm2,respectively.The study showed that the application rate of 250 kg/hm2 could ensure the appropriate root-zone soil Nmin and plant nitrogen concentration,maintain high pepper yield,increase the ratio of nitrogen and dry matter distribution in pepper fruits,and significantly improve nitrogen use efficiency.The results are of great significance in guiding the vegetable production in Southwest China.关键词
优化施氮量/露地辣椒/产量/氮素利用率/临界植株氮浓度/临界土壤Nmin残留量Key words
nitrogen application optimization/open-field pepper/yield/nitrogen use efficiency/critical plant nitrogen concentration/critical soil Nmin residue引用本文复制引用
杨文康,王孝忠,曹海霖,杨云飞,刘发波,田一鸣,方伊曼,梁涛,王帅,赵敬坤..优化施氮对西南地区露地辣椒氮素利用率及土壤矿质氮残留的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(5):106-116,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(U20A2047) （U20A2047）
西南大学创新研究2035试点计划基金(SWU-XDZD22001). （SWU-XDZD22001）
