清华大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.65Issue(7)：1173-1184,12.DOI:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2025.26.022
高海拔地区水电工程智能建造生命周期碳排放计算方法
Calculation method of life cycle carbon emissions of intelligent construction for hydropower projects in high-altitude areas
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]High-altitude hydropower projects present significant challenges owing to harsh environmental conditions,project clustering,limited data availability,and high construction risks.Accurate carbon emission calculations are crucial in such environments to mitigate environmental impacts and promote sustainable development.This study targets the full lifecycle of carbon emissions during intelligent construction in high-altitude hydropower projects.[Methods]This study establishes a comprehensive framework for calculating lifecycle carbon emissions tailored to the unique challenges of high-altitude hydropower construction.The methodology covers three primary stages:data collection,model formulation,and real-world implementation.Lifecycle boundaries and emission factors are established for material production,transportation,construction,and operational maintenance.Key emissions are identified based on quality,energy consumption,and cost criteria to build a detailed carbon inventory.To address altitude effects,an adjustment coefficient is derived by correlating field-monitored data with baseline values,accounting for altitude impacts on emission intensities.The carbon emission model incorporates a discrete event simulation(DES)to capture the dynamic characteristics of construction and equipment operations.This model couples static and dynamic elements,applying static calculations to stable phases such as material production and maintenance while using dynamic simulations for variable stages such as transportation and active construction.This DES approach simulates the sequential and interdependent nature of equipment operations,providing an accurate reflection of emission behavior over time.Furthermore,a network of onsite carbon monitoring devices was implemented across different construction sites in a case project,and real-time CO2 concentration data were collected.These data calibrate and validate emission factors within the model,ensuring accurate altitude-adjusted emission assessments.[Results]The model was applied to the JX hydropower project in a high-altitude region with distinct climatic and geographical challenges.The findings indicated that material production and construction machinery were the largest carbon emitters,accounting for 65.7％ and 27.4％ of total emissions,respectively.Cement manufacturing was identified as the dominant emission source,emphasizing the need for greener materials and cement production.The DES model revealed that equipment states,such as idling and operation,significantly influence emission intensities,especially under reduced oxygen at high altitudes.By integrating the DES results with real-time monitoring,the model supports precise,responsive emission control strategies.The proposed mitigation measures included adopting cleaner fuels,optimizing equipment idle time,and enhancing operational efficiency through scheduled maintenance.The model reliability was demonstrated by the close alignment of the simulated results with actual onsite measurements.[Conclusions]The developed model offers a structured approach to calculating lifecycle carbon emissions for intelligent hydropower construction in high-altitude regions.By addressing the unique characteristics of such projects,including altitude-induced effects on emission intensities and equipment behavior,the model serves as a reference for emission reduction in future high-altitude hydropower projects.This study advances the understanding and management of emissions in high-altitude construction,underscoring the potential of intelligent construction methods to drive sustainable hydropower development.关键词
智能建造/碳排放计算模型/离散事件模拟/全生命周期/水电工程Key words
intelligent construction/calculation model of carbon emission/discrete event simulation/full lifecycle/hydropower project分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
林鹏,尹剑奇,向云飞,李超毅,夏勇,许后磊,毛华..高海拔地区水电工程智能建造生命周期碳排放计算方法[J].清华大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,65(7):1173-1184,12.基金项目
华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司项目(JC2022/D01) （JC2022/D01）
华能集团科技课题(HNKJ23-H4 HY2023/D14) （HNKJ23-H4 HY2023/D14）
西藏自治区水风光储能源技术创新中心项目(XZ202201ZD0003G01) （XZ202201ZD0003G01）
昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司项目(202202AF080003) （202202AF080003）
电建成都院勘测设计研究院有限公司(CD2C20231161) （CD2C20231161）
