生态环境学报2025，Vol.34Issue(7)：997-1006,10.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.07.001
轻型汽油卡车尾气颗粒物中氨和有机胺的排放特征及影响因素
Emission Characteristics and Influence Factors of NH3 and Amines in Particulate Matter Emitted by Light-duty Gasoline Trucks
摘要
Abstract
Ammonia(NH3)and amines,which are key alkaline gases,play pivotal roles in atmospheric nitrogen cycling,air quality,and human health.Although gasoline vehicles are a significant source of NH3 and amine emissions,their emission profiles have not been inadequately characterized.This study addresses this gap by conducting on-road measurements of NH3 and amines in particulate matter(PM)emitted from nine light-duty gasoline trucks adhering to different emission standards(China V and China VI).The findings revealed that the emission factors for NH3 and amines in PM from gasoline vehicle exhaust were(1479.3±1745.7)μg·kg-1 and(701.1±169.5)ng·kg-1,respectively.Notably,the NH3 concentrations in PM were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those of amines,underscoring the critical need for a heightened focus on NH3 emissions from gasoline vehicles.Furthermore,the emission factors for NH3 in PM from China V and China VI standard vehicles were(2208.8±2169.9)μg·kg-1 and(822.8±801.8)μg·kg-1,respectively.Similarly,the amine emission factors in PM from China V standard vehicles[(1341.7±2931.0)ng·kg-1]were significantly higher than those from China VI standard vehicles[(530.5±199.1)ng·kg-1].These results demonstrate that stricter emission standards effectively curtail NH3 and amine emissions in PM,primarily due to enhanced PM emission control in the China VI standards,which substantially reduces PM concentration per unit mass of fuel combustion,thereby indirectly lowering emissions of nitrogen-containing compounds,such as NH3 and amines.Additionally,the emission factors of NH3 and amines from both the China V and China VI standard gasoline vehicles exhibited an initial decreasing trend,followed by an increase with vehicle speed.Specifically,the emission factors decreased with increasing speed in the low-to medium-speed range(0-60 km·h-1),but increased in the medium-to high-speed range(60-90 km·h-1),reaching their lowest levels under medium-speed conditions.For instance,NH3 emission factors in PM from China V standard vehicles under low-,medium-,and high-speed conditions were(2581.4±1708.5)μg·kg-1,(1352.0±883.5)μg·kg-1,and(2692.9±3052.5)μg·kg-1,respectively.NH3 emissions under low-speed conditions were 1.9 and 0.96 times those under medium-and high-speed conditions,respectively,indicating the lowest NH3 emissions under medium-speed conditions.Similarly,the China VI standard vehicles exhibited the lowest NH3 emissions under medium speed conditions.The amine emission factors under high-speed conditions were 2.2 and 19.6 times those under low-and medium-speed conditions,respectively,further confirming the lowest emissions under medium-speed conditions.This phenomenon is attributed to the optimal air-fuel ratio and exhaust temperature under medium-speed conditions,which enhanced the synergistic removal efficiency of NH3 and amines by the three-way catalytic converter(TWC).Among the amine components,C2-amines(e.g.,DMAH⁺ and EAH⁺)were the dominant species across the different emission standards and driving speeds,accounting for 71.8%-96.1%of the total amines.This study employed both the control variable method and random forest model to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of emission standards and driving speed to NH3 and amine emissions.The results indicated that emission standards were the primary factors influencing NH3 and amine emissions compared with driving speed.For instance,compared with China V standard vehicles,China VI standard vehicles reduced NH3 and organic amine emissions in PM by 62.7%and 60.5%,respectively.Specifically,MMAH⁺,DMAH⁺,EAH⁺,TMAH⁺,DEAH⁺,and TEAH⁺ emissions decreased by 95.3%,82.0%,37.5%,98.8%,93.0%,and 94.0%,respectively,with the implementation of stricter emission standards.This suggests that upgrading gasoline vehicle emission standards can significantly reduce the NH3 and amine emissions from PM.This study provides novel insights into the emission characteristics of NH3 and amines from gasoline vehicles,offering valuable information for formulating stricter emission control policies and optimizing the post-treatment technologies.However,owing to limitations in data availability,this study did not comprehensively cover all potential influencing factors of the study variables.Future research should expand the sample size and incorporate additional factors,such as driving mileage and engine displacement,while combining laboratory simulations with real-world driving tests to deepen the understanding of NH3 and amine emission mechanisms in gasoline vehicle exhausts.This study contributes to a better understanding of the NH3 and amine emission profiles of gasoline vehicles,providing a scientific basis for improving air quality and guiding future emission control strategies.关键词
汽油车/氨和有机胺/排放特征/随机森林模型/影响因素Key words
gasoline vehicles/NH3 and amines/emission characteristics/random forest model/influence factors分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
祁珣,冯鑫鑫,陈颖军,冯艳丽,陈田,李军,张干..轻型汽油卡车尾气颗粒物中氨和有机胺的排放特征及影响因素[J].生态环境学报,2025,34(7):997-1006,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42407133 （）
42177086) （）
第74批博士后面上项目(2023M740641) （2023M740641）
2024年国家资助计划人才B档 （）
