生态环境学报2025，Vol.34Issue(7)：1064-1078,15.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.07.007
超短链PFASs类新污染物的环境特性、全球水平、来源及风险
Environmental Characteristics,Global levels,Sources and Risk of Emerging Pollutants Ultra-Short-Chain Poly-and Perfluorinated Substances
摘要
Abstract
s:Ultra-short-chain per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(USC-PFASs)are PFASs with 1-3 perfluorinated carbon.Compared to long-chain and short-chain PFASs,USC-PFASs exhibit higher persistence and mobility,continuously accumulating in the environment and posing potential risks to ecosystems and human health.A comprehensive analysis of the environmental characteristics,global levels,sources,and risks of USC-PFASs is of significant importance for the prevention,control,and risk management of these emerging pollutants in the environment.Through a statistical analysis of the literature,seven key USC-PFASs were identified.These USC-PFASs are volatile,soluble or slightly soluble in water,and possess high persistence and mobility in the environment.Currently,seven USC-PFASs have been detected in global aquatic environments,six in soil and sediments,five in biota and four in atmospheric environments.Trifluoroacetic acid(TFA),perfluoropropanoic acid(PFPrA),and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(NTf2)are commonly found in aquatic,soil,sediment,and atmospheric environments,and biota.Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid(TFMS)is present in aquatic,soil,sediment,and atmospheric environments.Perfluoroethane sulfonic acid(PFEtS)and perfluoropropane sulfonic acid(PFPrS)are mainly found in aquatic environments and biota,while 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol(HFIP)has only been detected in surface water,soil,and atmospheric environments.USC-PFASs have at least 11 potential sources,including seven point sources:sites using fluorinated firefighting foams,fluorochemical plants,electronics factories,wastewater treatment plants,waste disposal facilities,e-waste dismantling sites,and waste lithium-ion battery processing plants,and four non-point sources:atmospheric degradation of hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)and hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs),transformation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals and pesticides in the environment,release of polymeric PFASs,and transformation of precursor PFASs.In recent years,NTf2 has frequently appeared in various environmental media,possibly due to the recycling and processing of waste lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The risk assessment results showed that the maximum non-carcinogenic risk values for PFPrA,NTf2,and PFPrA in drinking water via inhalation were 1.7×10-4,3.7×10-4,and 4.2×10-3,respectively,which are lower than those of PFOA but higher than those of PFBA.It is recommended that USC-PFASs be managed using high-persistence pollutant control methods,toxicological and environmental behavior be strengthened,enterprises be guided to avoid ineffective substitutions,and the adoption of effective treatment measures be encouraged.关键词
超短链PFASs/新污染物/环境特性/环境水平/环境来源/风险评估Key words
ultra-short-chain poly-and perfluorinated substances/emerging pollutants/environmental characteristics/environmental levels/environmental sources/risk assessment分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
赵曦,韦斯..超短链PFASs类新污染物的环境特性、全球水平、来源及风险[J].生态环境学报,2025,34(7):1064-1078,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(22376092) （22376092）
国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3706601) （2023YFC3706601）
生态环境部二噁英污染控制重点实验室开放基金项目(2023) （2023）
