中国铁道科学2025，Vol.46Issue(3)：52-61,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2025.03.06
在役钢轨抗擦伤性能对比及关键影响因素分析
Comparison of Wheel Burn Resistance of In-Service Rails and Analysis of Key Influencing Factors
摘要
Abstract
To study the wheel burn resistance of the in-service rails in China,a method for evaluating wheel burn resistance is proposed based on a rail-wheel rolling-sliding test machine to simulate the friction process of the rail-wheel contact;and using this method,six types of rail steels in service in China,namely U71Mn,U75V,U78CrVH,U95CrH,U63MnCrCuH,and U22SiMnH,were selected as research objects.Through characterization techniques such as optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and electron probe,the microstructural characteristics and chemical element distribution of the white layer(WELs)were analyzed;and the abrasion depth,white layer thickness,and hardness ratio of white layer to base materials of the six types of rail steels as wheel burn resistance indicators were compared,and the key factors influencing the wheel burn resistance were analyzed.The results show that there is no retained cementite in the WELs of U71Mn,while there is undissolved cementite in the WELs of the other pearlitic rails.The hardness of WELs is related to the distribution of carbon atoms.The hardening effect brought by carbon atoms in the form of interstitial atoms is higher than that of cementite.The WELs of pearlite railway steel is a typical high-carbon martensite,which is hard and brittle and easy to initiate cracks;while the WELs of U22SiMnH bainitic rail is a lath-shaped low-carbon martensite,and its good toughness and plasticity are conducive to resisting crack initiation.Bainitic rail has better wheel burn resistance than pearlite rail.The U63MnCrCuH rail inhibits the decomposition of cementite at high temperature stage,reduces the hardness of the WELs by adding strong carbide-forming elements such as Cr and V.Its wheel burn resistance is basically equivalent to that of the U95CrH rail,and is better than the U71Mn,U75V and U78CrVH rails.Because it has a relatively balanced performance design,it is suitable for steep lines where rails prone to wheel slip failure.关键词
钢轨/抗擦伤性能/白层组织/微观表征/化学成分Key words
Rails/Wheel burn resistance/White etching layer(WELs)/Microstructural characterization/Chemical composition分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
刘佳朋,姬成苍,刘勇,皮圣,石彤,俞喆..在役钢轨抗擦伤性能对比及关键影响因素分析[J].中国铁道科学,2025,46(3):52-61,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52001329) （52001329）
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技开发计划课题(N2023G063) （N2023G063）
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2024YJ009) （2024YJ009）
