摘要
Abstract
Objective To investigate the HIV infection status and epidemic characteristics among voluntary blood donors in Yantai City,in order to inform strategies for the prevention and control of AIDS transmission through blood transfusion.Addition-ally,the findings will be used to develop more effective blood donor recruitment strategies,enhance the safety of blood transfu-sions,and mitigate the risk of HIV transmission via blood transfusion.Mathods The study focused on a cohort of 610 701 vol-untary blood donors in Yantai City from 2011 to 2020.Blood samples were initially screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and nucleic acid testing(NAT)to detect anti-HIV antibodies,HIV-1P24 antigen,and HIV RNA.Positive spec-imens were further confirmed using Western blot protein immunoblotting,and data from HIV-positive blood donors were retrospec-tively analyzed.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 610 701 unpaid blood donors were tested.Among them,the number of anti-HIV preliminary screening positive cases was 872,with a preliminary screening positive rate of 14.28 per ten thousand(872/610 701),and the number of confirmed positive cases was 108,with a confirmed positive rate of 1.77 per ten thousand(108/610 701).There was no statistically significant difference in the confirmed positive rates among different years(χ2=15.92,P＞0.05).The majority of confirmed positive cases each year were among young people aged 26～35,representing 40.74%of all cases.Male patients outnumbered female patients,accounting for 97.22%.The educational attainment was main-ly below junior college level,accounting for 62.04%.The marital status was mainly unmarried,accounting for 62.96%.The household registration was mainly local,accounting for 80.56%.The proportion of first-time blood donors among the confirmed positive cases was higher than that of repeat blood donors,accounting for 55.56%.The number of individuals with single HIV infection among the detected cases accounted for 87.96%of the total number of infections.Secondly,the number of co-infections with Treponena Pallidum(TP)was the largest,accounting for 10.19%.The positive detection rates of gp160,gp120,gp41,and p24 bands in HIV-1 antibody-positive specimens were all100.00%.The proportion of specimens with all bands was the highest,accounting for50.93%.In the Western blot confirmation test,most of the bands could be clearly shown.Conclusion The pre-ponderance of HIV-infected voluntary blood donors in Yantai exhibits characteristics of being in the early stages of infection,un-married,local,young,and male.Although the overall prevalence rate of HIV remains low,there has been a clear upward trend from 2011 to 2020,with a significant increase in the absolute number of infections compared to previous years.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen effective recruitment and screening of blood donors before blood donation,as well as management of HIV laboratory screening after blood donation,to safeguard the safety of clinical blood use.关键词
抗-HIV/无偿献血者/蛋白质免疫印迹/艾滋病/带型Key words
anti-HIV/voluntary blood donor/Western blot/AIDS/band pattern分类
医药卫生
