摘要
Abstract
Objective:Cytological examination is the preferred method for determining whether pleural effusions/ascites are benign or malignant.However,traditional smear or liquid-based cytology often yields low positive detection rates and makes it difficult to determine tumor cell histological type.The cell block technique combined with immunohistochemistry can not only improve the detection rate of malignant pleural effusions/ascites but also aid in identifying tumor histology.The key lies in producing high-quality cell blocks.This study aims to optimize the cell block preparation technique for malignant pleural effusions/ascites,to improve overall quality and to explore the application of modified cell block technique combined with immunohistochemistry in the pathological diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions/ascites.
Methods:Cell block embedding techniques were modified for 46 cases of malignant pleural effusions/ascites sediments.The quality of hematoxylin and eosin(HE)-stained sections produced by the modified and traditional methods was compared.Cell blocks prepared using the modified technique were subjected to immunohistochemistry for pathological diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions/ascites.
Results:The modified technique yielded high-quality,densely clustered cell blocks in all 46 cases.HE-stained sections showed fewer red blood cells and abundant tumor cells with intact nuclear structures and clear staining.In contrast,the traditional technique yielded high-quality cell blocks in only 7 cases,with HE-stained sections dominated by red blood cells and sparse tumor cells exhibiting varying degrees of nuclear pyknosis.The combined approach diagnosed 24 lung adenocarcinoma,3 breast cancers,9 gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas,5 ovarian serous carcinomas,2 squamous cell carcinomas,1 renal cell carcinoma,1 malignant melanoma,and 1 case where carcinoma was confirmed but tissue origin could not be determined.
Conclusion:The modified cell block technique significantly enhances tumor cell enrichment in pleural effusions/ascites,reduces red blood cell interference,and preserves cell morphology.Combined with immunohistochemistry,it not only improves the diagnostic rate of malignant effusions,but also helps identify the pathological type of the tumor,demonstrating high clinical value.关键词
恶性/胸腔积液/腹水/细胞蜡块/传统技术/改良技术/免疫组织化学Key words
malignancy/pleural effusions/ascites/cell blocks/traditional technique/modified technique/immunohistochemistry
