实验技术与管理2025，Vol.42Issue(6)：20-29,10.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.06.003
新型举国体制下国家实验室建设路径研究
Research on the construction path of national laboratories under the new national system
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]National laboratories are the"strategic heavyweights"in the race to shape the future.Under the new national system,China has only recently begun the substantial development of its national laboratories,and the planning frameworks,governance models,evaluation mechanisms,and innovation ecosystems associated with them are still in the exploration phase.This paper reviews the 40-year evolution of Chinese national laboratories,examining their development,effectiveness,existing challenges,and current opportunities.Drawing on the successful practices of world-class national laboratories in Europe and the United States,it offers recommendations to support the advancement of Chinese national laboratories within the new national system and to accelerate the establishment of a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics.[Methods]This paper involves extensively reviewing the literature on the construction,management,and development of national laboratories at home and abroad,conducting interviews with staff and partners involved in the construction of national laboratories,and understanding the current status,problems,and trends of the construction and development of Chinese national laboratories.[Results]Through research,the paper proposes that under the new national system,it is necessary to leverage the synergistic advantages of the government's"visible hand"and the market's"invisible hand"to promote the construction of national laboratories.The current urgent need is for the following four aspects:① strengthening top-level design,establishing an authoritative decision-making command system and an efficient coordination execution system,classifying and promoting the construction of national laboratories,and providing an improved diversified-resource-investment mechanism;② optimizing governance models,clearly defining the rights and responsibilities of sponsors,managers,and legal entities of national laboratories through national legislation,breaking down barriers to talent mobility and resource sharing among different innovation entities,encouraging and supporting organized scientific research,end-to-end innovation,and large-scale collaborative problem-solving,and working to establish an"asymmetric"advantage in areas crucial to future competitiveness and urgent national needs;③ improving the evaluation and diagnosis for national laboratories,leveraging the incentive role of evaluation,exploring the development of a long-term strategic diagnostic evaluation system for national laboratories,along with an artificial intelligence and big data-driven national laboratory monitoring system,and ensuring timely"calibration"of their goals and actions;and ④ deepening guidance and radiation,promoting collaborative innovation between national laboratories,research universities,research institutions,and leading technology companies,accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces,and creating a community for the development of national laboratories.[Conclusions]Under the new national system,national laboratories must not only make"milestone"scientific and technological contributions in key areas of national economic and social development and national security but also conduct"ice-breaking"exploration and innovation in scientific and technological systems and mechanisms.Through coordinated planning,improved governance,optimized evaluation,and leading radiation measures,efforts will be made to mitigate the drawbacks of traditional-national-platform innovation resources being scattered,closed,and inefficient,continuously enhance the innovative leadership,resource convergence,and development support of national laboratories,form an innovation system and ecosystem centered on national laboratories,and make them the"flagship"of the national strategic scientific and technological forces and the"anchor"for maintaining national security.关键词
新型举国体制/国家实验室/战略科技力量/基础研究Key words
new national system/national laboratories/strategic scientific and technological strengths/basic research分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
吴鹏,吴刚..新型举国体制下国家实验室建设路径研究[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(6):20-29,10.基金项目
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2020SJA1355) （2020SJA1355）
