抗体介导的神经免疫反应:自身免疫性脑炎的机制进展OA

Autoimmune encephalitis(AE)is a group of antibody-mediated inflammatory disorders that target neuro-nal antigens,with the main symptoms of mental and behavioral disorders,epilepsy,and cognitive impairment.In recent years,specific antibodies,such as anti-NMDAR antibody and anti-LGI1 antibody,have played an important role in the pathogenesis of AE and have become effective biomarkers,which have significantly improved the early detection rate of AE.As novel antibodies continue to be discovered,the pathological mechanisms of AE are constantly clarified,providing new directions for precision treatment.Nevertheless,there are still challenges in the mechanism of action and clinical ap-plication of these emerging antibodies,requiring support from more basic studies and clinical data.This article discusses the role of antibodies in AE,analyzes the types of newly discovered antibodies and their role in disease progression,and explores the potential and challenges of antibodies used as tools for precise diagnosis and targeted therapy.