抗LGI1抗体脑炎临床特征、实验室检查及预后分析OA

Objective To investigate the clinical features,laboratory findings,and prognosis of patients with auto-immune encephalitis positive for leucine rich glioma inactivated 1(LGI1)antibody.Methods We reviewed the clinical data of 11 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis hospitalized in Fu Yang People's Hospital from October 2019 to December 2024.Results All the 11 patients(100%)had cognitive function involvement,9(81.8%)had epileptic seizures,5(45.5%)had mental and behavioral abnormalities,4(36.4%)had sleep disorders,3(27.3%)had autonomic nervous dysfunction,2(18.2%)had faciobrachial dystonic seizures(FBDS),2(18.2%)had facial numbness,and 1(9.1%)had phantosmia and pruritus in both eyes and the neck.LGI1 antibody was positive in the serum of all the cases(100%)and present in the cerebrospinal fluid of 8 cases(72.3%).Seven cases(63.6%)had hyponatremia,and 5 cases(45.5%)also had hypophosphatemia,hypocalcemia,and hypomagnesemia in addition to blood sodium lower than 134 mmol/L.Intracranial abnormalities were detected in 7 cases(63.6%)on magnetic resonance imaging.Electroen-cephalogram abnormalities were recorded in 6 cases(54.5%).After immunosuppressive treatment,2 cases(18.2%)had recurrent symptoms,and 2 cases(18.2%)had residual mild memory impairment.In terms of prognosis,the modified Rankin Scale scores were generally favorable.Conclusion Anti-LGI1 encephalitis manifests as convulsions,FBDS,memory decline,mental and behavioral abnormalities,autonomic nervous dysfunction,sleep disorders,hyponatremia,and multiple electrolyte disorders such as hypomagnesemia,hypocalcemia,and hypophosphatemia when blood sodium is below 134 mmol/L.The prognosis with immunosuppressive treatment is favorable,but recurrent symptoms may occur.