中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(12)：2316-2332,17.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.004
氮素穗肥对南方香粳稻南粳9108产量、品质和香气的影响
Effects of Nitrogen Panicle Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Aroma of Southern Japonica Rice Nanjing 9108
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Nitrogen panicle fertilizer is one of the key factors affecting rice yield and quality.Studying its impact on the yield,quality,and aroma of aromatic japonica rice in southern China could provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of southern japonica rice.[Method]Conducted from 2022 to 2023,this study used Nanjing 9108,a representative variety of aromatic japonica rice in southern China,as the material,and three nitrogen application modes were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),no panicle fertilizer(N1),and conventional application of panicle fertilizer(N2,with 70%base and tillering fertilizer+30%panicle fertilizer).In addition,the experiment of applying ear fertilizer at different leaf age stages,including the top sixth leaf,fifth leaf,fourth leaf,third leaf,second leaf and first leaf just after emerging from the sheath(designated as L6,L5,L4,L3,L2,and L1),was conducted to study the synergistic regulation mechanism of nitrogen panicle fertilizer on yield,quality,and aroma of Nanjing 9108.[Result]Compared with no nitrogen fertilizer application and no panicle fertilizer application,the application of panicle fertilizer could significantly increase the effective panicle number per unit area and grains per panicle of aromatic japonica rice,thereby enhancing its yield.As the period of panicle fertilizer application was delayed,the yield first increased and then decreased,reaching a maximum at the treatment of applying fertilizer at the fourth leaf from the top(counted downwards from the flag leaf).The application of panicle fertilizer improved rice processing quality,appearance quality,and aroma quality.The period of panicle fertilizer application had an impact on these qualities of aromatic japonica rice.With the delay in the period of panicle fertilizer application,the milled rice rate of Nanjing 9108 showed an increasing trend,but the chalkiness degree increased,leading to a deterioration in appearance quality.Simultaneously,the amylose content decreased while the protein content increased,resulting in a decline in taste value and eating quality.The content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP),as the main component of aroma,also decreased with the delay in the period of panicle fertilizer application.The application of panicle fertilizer significantly increased the proline content and proline dehydrogenase activity in grains.Advancing the period of panicle fertilizer application had a significant promoting effect on proline accumulation during the rice filling stage,and proline dehydrogenase activity also increased,which was conducive to maintaining higher proline content and proline dehydrogenase activity in grains during the maturity stage,thereby promoting the synthesis of 2-AP in rice grains.Based on a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of panicle fertilizer application period using indicators,such as actual yield,milled rice rate,chalkiness degree,taste value,and grain 2-AP content,it was found that the treatment of applying fertilizer at the fourth leaf from the top had the highest comprehensive score.[Conclusion]Under the experimental conditions of this study,the application of panicle fertilizer contributed to the synergistic improvement of yield and quality.On the basis of ensuring stable yield,the application of panicle fertilizer at the fourth leaf from the top achieved the best overall benefits in terms of yield,taste,and aroma.关键词
氮素穗肥/香粳稻/产量/品质/香气Key words
nitrogen panicle fertilizer/fragrant japonica rice/yield/quality/aroma引用本文复制引用
王睿智,李涛,钱相玲,张丫,杨晓琢,李光彦,魏海燕,张洪程,刘国栋..氮素穗肥对南方香粳稻南粳9108产量、品质和香气的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(12):2316-2332,17.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32372212,32372215)、国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01)、江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)、江苏省自然科学基金优秀青年基金(BK20220115) （32372212,32372215）
