中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(12)：2333-2345,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.005
复种绿肥协同不同水平氮肥对春小麦产量及品质的影响
Effects of Multiple Cropping Green Manure Combined with Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the effects of multiple cropping green manure combined with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat,so as to provide the theoretical guidance for the construction of chemical fertilizer reduction and high-quality production mode based on green manure in Qinghai province.[Method]The split plot experiment was carried out in the experimental site of the Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University from 2023 to 2024.Two planting patterns were set up in the main area:multiple cropping green manure after wheat(W-G)and leisure after wheat(W),and three nitrogen fertilizer levels in the sub-area included:no nitrogen application(N0),nitrogen fertilizer reduction by 30%(N1,157.5 kg N·hm-2),and the local custom of nitrogen application(N2,225 kg N·hm-2).Wheat yield and grain quality(grain protein content,sedimentation value,formation time,stability time,wet gluten,etc.)were determined.[Result]The grain yield of spring wheat under W-GN1 treatment was 5.5%and 13.4%higher than that under WN1 in 2023 and 2024,and 2.0%and 5.3%higher than that under WN2 treatment,respectively;the biological yield under W-GN1 in 2023 and 2024 was 5.1%and 10.6%higher than that under WN1,and 1.5%and 4.6%higher than that under WN2,respectively.W-G could obtain higher harvest index than W.The compensation effect of multiple cropping green manure was negative under no nitrogen application level,and it was between 2.0%-14.0%under nitrogen application level.The contribution of multiple cropping green manure combined with 30%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer to increasing crop yield was the best.At the same time,W-GN1 could improve grain quality by increasing grain protein content,sedimentation value,formation time and stabilization time.The grain protein content under W-GN1 treatment was 10.62%and 9.48%higher than that under WN1,respectively.The grain sedimentation value increased by 25.05%and 18.13%,respectively.The grain formation time increased by 34.70%and 8.66%,respectively.The grain stability time increased by 41.30%and 13.68%,respectively.Through principal component analysis,it demonstrated that the multiple cropping of green manure after wheat had a more significant promoting effect in grain protein content,sedimentation value,formation time and stability time.[Conclusion]The grain yield and quality of spring wheat were significantly improved by 30%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(N1,157.5 kg N·hm-2)combined with green manure after wheat harvest,which could be used as a suitable planting mode and nitrogen application level for improving quality and stable yield of wheat under the condition of reducing chemical fertilizer in Qinghai Province.关键词
绿肥/施氮水平/产量/籽粒品质/春小麦Key words
green manure/nitrogen level/yield/grain quality/spring wheat引用本文复制引用
李蓉,李正鹏,严清彪,郭冉冉,韩梅,徐珂..复种绿肥协同不同水平氮肥对春小麦产量及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(12):2333-2345,13.基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-22)、青海省自然科学青年基金(2024-ZJ-957) （CARS-22）
