中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(12)：2346-2357,12.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.12.006
播种方式对种子萌发环境及棉花出苗、生长的影响
The Impact of Sowing Methods on the Seed Germination Environment and Cotton Emergence and Growth
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The current post-planting film-covering technology in the Yellow River Basin cotton-growing areas relies on manual seedling release and thinning,which hinders the development of full-scale mechanization.This study explored the adaptability of the dry sowing and wet emergence technology(used in northwestern inland cotton regions)to the Yellow River Basin.By comparing the effects of different sowing methods on seed germination environment,cotton emergence rate,and seedling growth,this study aimed to identify key environmental constraints and provide the theoretical support for optimizing mechanized planting techniques.[Method]From 2023 to 2024,using the cotton cultivar Ji863 as the experimental material,four treatments were implemented:single-seed seeding without mulching(T1),single-seed post-planting film covering(T2),dry sowing and wet emergence with single-seed sowing(T3),and dry sowing and wet emergence with double-seed sowing(T4).The study was conducted in Quzhou County,Hebei Province,and the effects of these treatments on soil environment,cotton emergence,and growth of above-ground and root systems were evaluated.[Result]Compared with T1,T2 and T3 significantly increased soil temperature at 5 cm,soil moisture content,emergence rate,plant height,above-ground dry matter weight,root length,root surface area,root volume,and root vigor,while significantly reduced soil compaction,emergence time,and root diameter.Compared with T2,in 2023 and 2024,T3 reduced the daily temperature range at 5 cm soil depth by 3.67 and 1.58℃within 30 days after sowing,and reduced soil compaction by 9.36%and 27.06%within 10 days after sowing,respectively,which decreased emergence days in 2024 by 0.6 days,and increased root length,surface area,volume,and root activity in both years.Compared with T4,single-grain sowing in 2023 and 2024 significantly increased emergence time and decreased emergence rate but increased aboveground dry matter weight by 13.98%and 55.00%.The structural equation model showed that different sowing methods affected cotton seedling emergence rate by altering soil temperature at 5 cm depth,daily temperature range,soil moisture content,and soil compaction,while seedling dry matter weight was mainly affected by soil moisture content,plant height,and soil compaction.[Conclusion]In the Yellow River Basin cotton areas,the dry-sowing and wet-emergence improved emergence speed and rate by reducing the diurnal temperature fluctuation at 5 cm and soil compaction,thereby promoting uniform and robust seedlings,and sowing one seed per hole was the optimal strategy.关键词
棉花/播种方式/干播湿出/出苗率/苗期生长Key words
cotton/sowing method/dry sowing with wet emergence/emergence rate/seedling growth引用本文复制引用
董明,祁虹,张谦,王燕,王树林,冯国艺,梁青龙,郭宝生..播种方式对种子萌发环境及棉花出苗、生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(12):2346-2357,12.基金项目
国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-18)、河北省自然科学基金(C2022503008)、河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-MHS-6) （CARS-15-18）
