长江科学院院报2025，Vol.42Issue(7)：119-125,141,8.DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20240304
渠首引水隧洞洞内消能试验研究
Experimental Investigation on Energy Dissipation in Diversion Tunnel at the Head of Canal
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The flow patterns of energy dissipation inside tunnels are complex,and theoretical calcula-tions cannot meet design requirements.This research aims to:(1)verify the rationality of design parameters for en-ergy dissipation in diversion tunnels at canal head based on hydraulic model tests;(2)propose an energy dissipa-tion layout suitable for specific projects through model optimization to address high wave height inside the tunnel,insufficient clearance below the tunnel crown,and cavitation and erosion.[Methods]A hydraulic model test with a scale of 1∶1.5 was selected to simulate the diversion channel,pressurized tunnel,in-tunnel gate chamber,energy dissipation section,and a downstream section of free-flow tunnel.Additionally,an emergency gate shaft and the ventilation pipe behind the gate were simulated.A water tank was used as the model reservoir.The project involved three different discharge conditions,each with varying reservoir water levels,resulting in eight typical working con-ditions for testing.Then,based on the hydraulic model test results under different conditions,the downstream flow pressure characteristics,cavitation characteristics of the weir surface behind the operating gate,pressure character-istics of the gradually expanding stilling basin floor and sidewalls,flow connection patterns,and energy dissipation performance were obtained.Finally,the dimensions of the stilling basin section and the free-flow tunnel were im-proved,and wave suppression measures were optimized based on the test results.[Results]The hydraulic model test revealed shortcomings in the original energy dissipation scheme and proposed a combined layout of"stilling ba-sin+wave suppression beam"suitable for in-tunnel energy dissipation.The test results showed:1)the maximum wave height inside the free-flow tunnel was reduced by 67％,and the tunnel crown clearance met safe water convey-ance requirements;2)The local minimum cavitation number of the water flow at the curved section of the weir sur-face and the expanded section of the sidewalls behind the operating gate was about 0.37,indicating a low likelihood of cavitation erosion;3)The root mean square of fluctuating pressure at measuring points along the stilling basin floor did not exceed 1.0×9.81 kPa,meeting structural design requirements.[Conclusion]This study proposes a combined energy dissipation method of"stilling basin+wave suppression beam"to address problems of high wave height and insufficient tunnel crown clearance in the original scheme.Compared with traditional submerged energy dissipators,the combined method significantly improves dissipation efficiency and has better energy dissipation characteristics.Hydraulic model tests verify the feasibility of the optimized scheme.The energy dissipation scheme is effective in solving the problems of large waves and insufficient tunnel crown clearance in similar projects.It is ef-fective under multiple reservoir water levels and discharge conditions,and the wave suppression beam,as an in-tunnel energy dissipation structure,has little impact on tunnel flow capacity,demonstrating certain universality.关键词
引水工程/消能型式/隧洞/消波梁/模型试验Key words
water diversion project/energy dissipation type/tunnel/wave-absorbing beam/model test分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
钟坤,闫福根,郭建华,易顺,李民康..渠首引水隧洞洞内消能试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2025,42(7):119-125,141,8.基金项目
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M740368) （2023M740368）
国家自然科学基金面上项目(5207090954) （5207090954）
