储能科学与技术2025，Vol.14Issue(7)：2575-2589,15.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0241
锂离子电池阳极危害性析锂原位检测综述
Detecting hazardous lithium plating on anodes of lithium-ion batteries—A review of in situ methods
摘要
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries play a pivotal role in achieving carbon neutrality goals through their widespread applications in electric vehicles,portable electronics,and energy storage systems.However,lithium plating—a critical process that occurs at the anode during charging—poses a significant challenge,compromising both safety and performance.This study systematically investigates the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of lithium plating,revealing that the synergistic effects of battery design flaws and extreme operating conditions(such as a low-temperature environment,fast charging,and overcharging)can drive the anode potential below 0 V vs.Li/Li+,triggering the deposition of metallic lithium.The irreversibility of lithium deposition leads to three critical consequences:continuous thickening of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer,accumulation of"dead lithium",and dendritic lithium growth.These effects collectively contribute to capacity degradation and thermal runaway risks.To address the challenges in detecting lithium deposition,this study provides a comprehensive classification and critical review of existing technologies from the perspective of in situ detection.Quantitative detection methodologies include electrochemical characterization techniques(e.g.,differential voltage analysis,differential voltage relaxation analysis,incremental and capacity analysis and physical characterization approaches(e.g.,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray technology).Qualitative detection strategies involve electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and thickness or pressure monitoring systems.Compared to postmortem analysis requiring battery disassembly,these advanced methods offer novel insights for real-time monitoring applications.This study establishes an innovative dual-dimensional safety assessment framework encompassing thermal safety and performance safety,with the former focusing on heat generation characteristics and thermal stability thresholds during lithium plating and the latter on quantifying capacity fade rates and impedance growth patterns.This systematic approach provides a theoretical foundation for developing high-safety,long-cycle-life batteries.Finally,to address the shortcomings in current in situ lithium plating detection,the following recommendations are made:① establishing a systematic definition of battery safety standards and correlating lithium plating detection with thermal and performance safety;② combining electrochemical detection with big data to extract and fuse useful features for online safety diagnosis;③ developing innovative in situ quantitative methods for visual monitoring and quantifying complex internal reactions,and ④ providing scientific guidance to overcome the bottlenecks in in situ lithium plating detection technology.关键词
锂离子电池/析锂/原位检测/电池安全/热失控Key words
lithium-ion battery/lithium plating/in-situ detection/battery safety/thermal runaway分类
机械制造引用本文复制引用
翁雯媛,沈斌,朱建功,汪洋,路华鹏,何乌利雅苏,刘浩男,戴海峰,魏学哲..锂离子电池阳极危害性析锂原位检测综述[J].储能科学与技术,2025,14(7):2575-2589,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52377211),沃尔沃汽车技术(上海)有限公司危害性析锂测试和研究资助项目. （52377211）
