创新科技2025，Vol.25Issue(7)：1-15,15.DOI:10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2025.7.1
基础研究的功能定位与主体演进
Functional Positioning and Institutional Evolution of Basic Re-search
摘要
Abstract
General Secretary Xi Jinping's profound reflections on basic research chart a new practical course for strengthening China's strategic science and technology capacity in the new era,heralding a breakthrough in the nation's innovation governance paradigm.Nevertheless,the academic community has not yet fully systematised the theoretical depth and practical logic em-bodied in these remarks.In particular,the logical connections and complementarities among the threefold functional positioning of basic research,as well as the mechanisms through which the distinctive institutional endowments of supporting entities align with each function,remain under-explored.Anchored in the General Secretary's statements,this study provides a system-atic exposition of the functional positioning of basic research and the evolution of its principal en-tities. Regarding functional positioning,we first clarify the core connotations of the threefold frame-work.We then devise a new typology that,through a four-quadrant model,distinguishes four cat-egories of basic research—Frontier-Exploratory,Market-Application,Strategic-Frontier,and Strategic-Market—and specifies for each its primary objective,defining attributes,functional as-signment,representative cases,and links to traditional paradigms. With respect to institutional evolution,we trace the dominant entities,driving forces,innova-tion characteristics,and emblematic cases across different historical periods.We further reveal the functional coupling and collaborative mechanisms among the four contemporary entities,clarifying each entity's core functions,role positioning,intrinsic strengths,comparative advan-tages,and modes of coordination.Special emphasis is placed on the pivotal position of enter-prises,whose generalised triple role as problem setter,solution provider,and outcome evaluator makes them the hub of the basic research ecosystem. The study provides three principal theoretical contributions.①Paradigm innovation:by em-bedding the threefold functional positioning within a four-quadrant model,it advances a new theoretical paradigm for basic research and offers a novel framework for enhancing the strategic science and technology capabilities of major economies.②Historical regularities of entity evolu-tion:the analysis uncovers the evolutionary path of basic research entities and demonstrates the inevitability of today's four-pillar entity architecture.③Functional coupling and collaborative governance:the paper explicates the deep coupling between the four entity types and their func-tions,showing that the enterprise's triple role constitutes the critical node of entity collaboration.On this basis,the study proposes governance pathways for basic research that are tailored to China's institutional context,thereby furnishing theoretical support and policy guidance for achieving scientific and technological self-reliance and strength.关键词
基础研究/功能定位/主体演进/国家战略科技力量/企业创新主体Key words
basic research/functional positioning/institutional evolution/China's strategic science and technology capacity/enterprise innovation entities分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
张学文,陈劲,杜天翔..基础研究的功能定位与主体演进[J].创新科技,2025,25(7):1-15,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目"开放科学对新产品开发的作用机理及策略选择研究"(72072050) （72072050）
河北省软科学研究计划"河北省健全科技创新全链条加速机制的对策研究"(24457623D). （24457623D）
