工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程2025，Vol.17Issue(4)：413-428,16.DOI:10.3724/j.issn.1674-4969.20240086
液流电池的热管理研究进展
Heat Management of Redox Flow Batteries and Its Progress
摘要
Abstract
Energy is the cornerstone of human society's survival and development,with the continuous consumption of large amounts of fossil energy,resulting in excessive carbon dioxide emissions,gradually triggering the greenhouse effect and rapid changes in the world's climate.In 2020,China has clearly set the goals of"carbon peak"by 2030 and"carbon neutrality"by 2060,and renewable energy is considered to be the key to achieving this goal.However,wind,solar and other renewable energy generation is discontinuous,unstable and uncontrollable,and large-scale integration into the power grid will bring serious impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid.Energy storage technology through the storage and release of energy,can effectively inhibit large-scale renewable energy power generation access to the grid brought about by the volatility,and effectively promote the balance of power generation and load in the operation of the power system,to improve the security of grid operation,economy and flexibility. Therefore,the development of large-scale energy storage technology has become the key to solving the energy problem,as well as the technical basis for the further and promotion of renewable energy technologies.In fact,energy storage technology can be applied to a variety of occasions,throughout the power system of power generation,transmission,distribution and use of electricity in all major aspects.According to the needs of different applications,people have developed a variety of energy storage technologies.Common energy storage technology to physical energy storage and chemical energy storage,of which,physical energy storage mainly includes pumped storage,compressed air energy storage,flywheel energy storage,superconducting energy storage and so on.Chemical energy storage mainly includes lithium-ion batteries,redox flow batteries,sodium sulfur batteries and lead-acid energy storage.Among them,pumped storage and compressed air energy storage have the outstanding advantages of mature technology,good economy,long life cycle and large energy storage capacity,but due to geographic limitations,their application has received great constraints;lithium-ion batteries have high energy density and good cycling performance,but the economy of the life cycle is low,and there are certain safety hazards;redox flow batteries are safe and reliable,the economy of life cycle is good,the environment is low load,and they are the most suitable for the scale of lead-acid energy storage.Flow battery is one of the most suitable technology solutions for large-scale energy storage with safety,reliability,good life-cycle economy and low environmental load. As a long-term energy storage technology with the advantages of high safety,independent capacity and power,and high residual value,redox flow battery has gained wide attention and application at home and abroad.After decades of development,great progress has been made in the mechanism of the battery,key materials,and electric stack design.However,the narrow operating temperature has also become a serious obstacle limiting its application,and the various heat transfer behaviours under different operating conditions cause complex thermal problems.If the system temperature is not intervened,the efficiency and stability of the battery will be greatly affected.This paper firstly describes the importance of thermal management of vanadium redox flow batteries.In general,the temperature at which all-vanadium redox flow batteries can work safely for a long period of time is limited to 10-40℃,and the electrolyte is prone to problems such as precipitation and clogging when the temperature is either too high or too low,which will affect the performance and lifetime of the batteries.Therefore,the article firstly describes the heat generation and dissipation mechanism of vanadium redox flow battery,and the researcher establishes a thermal model according to different focuses,and analyses the behaviours and percentage of heat generation.The heat generated during the operation of vanadium redox flow batteries comes from electrochemical reactions,overpotential,hydraulic friction,crossover reactions,and shunt current.Among them,the heat generated by electrochemical reactions and overpotential accounts for a relatively large proportion.If the operating temperature of redox flow batteries is controlled,thermal management techniques need to be reviewed.The article reviews existing thermal management techniques in terms of both external heat transfer and internal heat generation.External thermal management mainly elaborated on air cooling technology and liquid cooling technology.At present,in vanadium redox flow batteries system management,it is more effective to add heat exchangers between stacks and the tanks.Then,the current temperature control devices are also elaborated,and a brief comparison made between the thermal management technologies of vanadium redox flow batteries and lithium-ion batteries.Finally,it is hoped that the actual data can be combined with the model to facilitate the operation,monitoring,and optimization of the temperature control system.In this paper,we have conducted an exhaustive literature research and summary on this topic to provide a comprehensive overview of the thermal management of redox flow batteries and its progress,which we hope will be helpful to the readers and practitioners in the field.关键词
液流电池/热管理/产热机理/冷却系统Key words
redox flow batteries/heat management/heat generation mechanism/cooling system分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
桑藤藤,王二强..液流电池的热管理研究进展[J].工程研究——跨学科视野中的工程,2025,17(4):413-428,16.基金项目
中国科学院大学碳达峰碳中和人才培养专项(E3E56501A2) （E3E56501A2）
