贵州农业科学2025，Vol.53Issue(7)：22-31,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2025.07.003
基肥减氮增钾对烤烟生长及产质量的影响
Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Potassium in Base Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing potassium in base fertilizer on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated to provide the technical basis for scientific application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in production of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Five treatments of conventional fertilization(CK),increasing 20％potassium amount(T1),increasing 20％potassium amount+reducing 10％nitrogen amount(T2),increasing 20％potassium amount+reducing 20％nitrogen amount(T3),increasing 20％potassium amount+reducing 30％nitrogen amount(T4)were designed to investigate and analyze the soil physicochemical properties,growth period,agronomic traits,disease occurrence,chemical composition,sensory quality and economic traits of Honghuadajinyuan,a flue-cured tobacco variety.[Result]The content of soil organic matter and available phosphorus showed a rising trend with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer.The pH,available nitrogen and soil available potassium content showed a declining trend with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer.The soil organic matter content of T4 reached 36.63 g/kg(the highest),and was 29.43％higher than CK and higher than other treatments significantly.The soil available phosphorus content of T4 was 35.00 mg/kg and no significant difference compared with CK.The pH and available nitrogen content of T4 were 5.34 and 115.47 mg/kg(the lowest)respectively and significant differences compared with CK.The growth period of T2-T4 extended varying degrees with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer.The height and stem girth of T3 and T4 were significantly higher than other treatments at late growth stage of tobacco plants.The effective leaf number,the maximum leaf length and the maximum leaf width were all the highest in the T3 treatment,and were significantly higher than those in the CK,T,and T2 treatments.There was no significant difference compared with T4 treatment.The mosaic virus disease morbidity and disease index of T2-T4 were lower than CK and T1,and showed a decreasing first and then increasing trend with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer.The climatic spot disease morbidity and disease index of T2-T4 showed a decreasing first and then increasing trend with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer.The various chemical component indexes of tobacco leaves from T2-T4 all accorded with the standards of quality tobacco in Yunnan Province.The total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium content in tobacco leaves of T2-T4 showed a rising trend with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer and the tobacco leaves of T4 had the highest total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium content among T2-T4.The nicotine,total nitrogen and chlorine content of tobacco leaves from T2-T4 showed a declining trend but their sugar/nicotine ratio and potassium/chlorine ratio both showed a rising trend with decrease of nitrogen amount in base fertilizer.The yield,output value and medium and superior tobacco leaf proportion of T4 were 2 378.50 kg/hm2,85 555.39 Yuan/hm2 and 84.73％,and 16.63％,29.79％and 18.67％higher than CK respectively.The average price of tobacco leaves from T4 was 11.36％higher than CK.The sensory quality score of tobacco leaves from T4 was the highest due to the good aroma type,aroma temperament and aroma quantity,improved irritation,moderate physiological strength,lower offensive odor,and good cleanliness,moistness and aftertaste.[Conclusion]The fertilizing scheme of reducing 30％nitrogen amount and increasing 20％potassium amount in base fertilizer can balance nutrients of tobacco-planting soil,effectively promote growth and development of tobacco plants,and improve disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco.关键词
基肥/减氮增钾/烤烟/产量品质/感官评价/植烟土壤Key words
base fertilizer/reducing nitrogen and increasing potassium/flue-cured tobacco/yield and quality/sensory evaluation/tobacco-planting soil分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
段显朝,白羽祥,杜宇,周鹏,代惠娟,周艳宾,马建彬,彭胜强,宋文峰,朱宏强,王腾龙,王戈,王娜..基肥减氮增钾对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2025,53(7):22-31,10.基金项目
河北中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2022130000340019) （2022130000340019）
