农业机械学报2025，Vol.56Issue(7)：60-71,12.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2025.07.005
油麦兼用高速播种机气送式排肥系统设计与试验
Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Fertilizer Discharging System for High Speed Seeder for Rapeseed and Wheat
摘要
Abstract
In response to the issues of insufficient fertilizer supply and pulsating strip breakage during high-speed operation of the existing external trough-wheel fertilizer spreaders,which result in poor continuity and uniformity of fertilizer application,a high-speed air-assisted fertilizer distribution system was designed.This system featured an impeller for fertilizer supply,centrifugal fertilizer distribution,and air-flow assistance for transportation.The structural designs of the impeller feeding device,centrifugal distribution device flow deflector,and concave disk were completed.EDEM simulation experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the impeller feeding device,achieving a coefficient of variation of fertilizer supply stability below 3.2％.It was determined that the fertilizer particle velocity was the fastest when the flow deflector curve followed a friction-based brachistochrone line.The optimal structural parameters of three concave disk designs-linear,quadratic polynomial,and cubic polynomial-were determined.A bench test compared the performance of these three designs,and the linear concave disk had the most significant impact on operational effectiveness.Using the simulation-determined fertilizer feeding device,brachistochrone flow deflector,and linear concave disk,a matching experiment was conducted to determine the working parameters of the impeller speed and centrifugal disk speed.Results showed that under the condition that the variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilizer discharge volume was below 7％,when the impeller speed was 14.00～21.23 r/min(corresponding to a forward speed of 9.00～10.24 km/h),the centrifugal disk speed should exceed 168.2 r/min;when the impeller speed was 21.23～25.00 r/min(corresponding to a forward speed of 10.24～12.00 km/h),the centrifugal disk speed should be below 150 r/min.Field performance validation tests demonstrated that under optimal parameter matching,the variation coefficient of the stability of fertilizer discharge volume was not more than 4.11％,and the variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilizer discharge volume was not more than 6.94％.The research result can provide a reference for the design of high-speed fertilization devices for dual-purpose seeding machines used for crops such as rapeseed and wheat.关键词
气送式排肥系统/油麦兼用高速播种机/导流头/离心分肥装置/EDEMKey words
pneumatic fertilizer discharging system/high-speed seeder for rapeseed and wheat/flow guide head/centrifugal fertilizer device/EDEM分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
廖宜涛,武安阳,廖庆喜,郑娟,王传奇,张青松..油麦兼用高速播种机气送式排肥系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2025,56(7):60-71,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000403)和国家现代油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12) （2021YFD2000403）
