上海海洋大学学报2025，Vol.34Issue(4)：715-728,14.DOI:10.12024/jsou.20250404837
水产养殖鱼类粪便的特性、影响因素及基于营养调控的优化处理
Aquaculture fish faeces:characteristics,influencing factors and nutritional optimization strategies
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of intensive aquaculture,especially in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS),the efficient management of solid waste in aquaculture water has become a critical challenge.In RAS,the removal efficiency of suspended solids not only directly determines system performance but also affects its long-term operational stability.As the primary source of solid waste in aquaculture water,the characteristics of fish faeces are key prerequisites for achieving efficient water recycling.Moreover,excessive accumulation of faeces can directly damage fish gill and epidermal health,while also exacerbating microbial competition,promoting abnormal accumulation of nutrients such as ammonia and reactive phosphorus,and triggering water eutrophication and ecosystem dysfunction.This review systematically showed the latest researches on the characteristics of farmed fish faeces,influencing factors,and nutritional regulation strategies.Studies reveal significant interspecific differences in the physical characteristics of fish faeces,such as water stability,settling velocity,and particle morphology,which are jointly regulated by rearing conditions and feed composition.Although the chemical composition of feces is homologous to feed,there are notable differences in nutrient content,with the high enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus being the primary contributors to water pollution.Regarding nutritional regulation strategies,feed optimization serves as the core approach for source control.This includes:(1)Improving nutrient digestibility by adjusting feed formulations and supplementing exogenous enzymes such as proteases and phytases;(2)Optimizing fecal physical properties using binders and buoyancy regulators;(3)Modulating gut health with probiotics and functional oligosaccharides to indirectly improve fecal composition.Despite current progress,further research is needed to address the specific requirements of different aquaculture systems and species.This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical foundation for innovative feed technology development and promote the green,sustainable advancement of the aquaculture industry.关键词
粪便特性/粪便清除效率/营养调控/养殖鱼类/工厂化水产养殖Key words
faeces characteristics/fecal removal efficiency/nutritional regulation/farmed fishes/industrial aquaculture分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张彦娇,廖兆凡,徐后国,麦康森..水产养殖鱼类粪便的特性、影响因素及基于营养调控的优化处理[J].上海海洋大学学报,2025,34(4):715-728,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32273143) （32273143）
中国水产科学院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD52) （2023TD52）
国家海水鱼产业技术体系(CARS 47) （CARS 47）
