上海预防医学2025，Vol.37Issue(5)：403-409,7.DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.24689
社区自然人群新型冠状病毒低水平中和抗体情况及其相关因素分析
Seroprevalence and influencing factors of low-level neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in community residents
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To understand the seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies(NAb)and low-level NAb against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community residents,and to explore the impact of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the levels of NAb in human serum.[Methods]On the ground of surveillance cohort for acute infectious diseases in community populations in Shanghai,a proportional stratified sampling method was used to enroll the subjects at a 20%proportion for each age group(0‒14,15‒24,25‒59,and≥60 years old).Blood samples collection and serum SARS-CoV-2 NAb concentration testing were conducted from March to April 2023.Low-level NAb were defined as below the 25th percentile of NAb.[Results]A total of 2 230 participants were included,the positive rate of NAb was 97.58%,and the proportion of low-level NAb was 25.02%(558/2 230).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age,infection history and vaccination status were correlated with low-level NAb(all P<0.05).Individuals aged 60 years and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb.There was a statistically significant interaction between booster vaccination and one single infection(aOR=0.38,95%CI:0.19‒0.77).Compared to individuals without vaccination,among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 once,both primary immunization(aOR=0.23,95%CI:0.16‒0.35)and booster immunization(aOR=0.12,95%CI:0.08‒0.17)significantly reduced the risk of low-level NAb;among individuals without infections,only booster immunization(aOR=0.28,95%CI:0.14‒0.52)showed a negative correlation with the risk of low-level NAb.[Conclusions]The population aged 60 and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb.Regardless of infection history,a booster immunization could reduce the risk of low-level NAb.It is recommended that eligible individuals,especially the elderly,should get vaccinated in a timely manner to exert the protective role of NAb.关键词
新型冠状病毒/中和抗体/低水平/加强免疫Key words
SARS-CoV-2/neutralizing antibody(NAb)/low-level/booster immunization分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
袁诗颖,黄卓英,马中慧,郑雅旭,陈健,张靖翊,吴寰宇,王伟炳,赵根明,俞晓,马晓英,陈敏,孙晓冬..社区自然人群新型冠状病毒低水平中和抗体情况及其相关因素分析[J].上海预防医学,2025,37(5):403-409,7.基金项目
新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项(2021ZD0114005) （2021ZD0114005）
国家重点研发计划项目应急攻关(2023YFC0872600) （2023YFC0872600）
上海市三年行动计划重点学科传染病学方向(GWVI-11.1-01) （GWVI-11.1-01）
