水生生物学报2025，Vol.49Issue(8)：64-74,11.DOI:10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2024.0446
急性氨氮胁迫对花鲈幼鱼行为和生理特性的影响
ACUTE AMMONIA-NITROGEN STRESS ON BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGI-CAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE LATEOLABRAX MACULATUS
摘要
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen accumulation is one of the significant problems in intensive aquaculture,and changes in fish behavior can be used as a sensitive indicator for identifying sudden environmental pollution.In order to study the effects of acute ammonia nitrogen on behavior and physiological characteristics of Lateolabrax maculatus,the present experiment was carried out by using natural seawater as the control group alongside a low-concentration group(5.6 mg/L)and three high-concentration groups(58,68,and 78 mg/L)with juvenile fish exposed for 6h.The apparent swim-ming behaviors,tissue structures,and the enzyme activity characteristic were analyzed during the experiment.The results showed that the average swimming speed,acceleration,percentage of movement time,and the nearest neighbor distance of juveniles in the low-concentration group were similar to those in the control group and were relatively stable during the stress process.In contrast,the high-concentration groups showed a decreasing trend as a whole,while the nearest-neighbor distance showed an increasing trend,gradually stabilizing after 4-5h.With the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration,the average swimming speed,acceleration,and the percentage of movement time of juveniles gradually decreased,while the nearest-neighbor and inter-individual distances gradually increased.Compared with the control group,juveniles in the 5.6 mg/L group began to show congestion of red blood cells in the liver veins and shed-ding of gill epithelial cells;the necrosis of hepatocytes in juveniles in the 58-78 mg/L group had gradually intensified,and the number of gill lamellae with chloride cells increased,which ultimately led to the serious damage of the tissues and structures.The liver MDA content increased with the increase of ammonia concentration,and the enzyme activi-ties of CAT,SOD,GSH-Px,and LZM firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of ammonia concentration,except for CAT which had the highest activity in the 58 mg/L group,while the other enzyme activities had the highest value in 5.6 mg/L group.The gill Na+/K+-ATP and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP enzyme activities showed an initial increase followed by a decline as ammonia concentration rose,with the highest values found in the 5.6 mg/L group.These results indicate that when ammonia nitrogen concentrations exceed a certain threshold,the damage to liver and gill tissues in juvenile Lateolabrax maculatus intensifies with higher ammonia levels.This damage affects both the antioxi-dant and non-specific immune systems,leading to a diminished response to ammonia nitrogen stress.This study provides a theoretical basis for developing a healthy aquaculture model for Lateolabrax maculatus by considering both behavioral and physiological aspects.关键词
氨氮/生理/游泳行为/组织结构/花鲈Key words
Ammonia nitrogen/Physiology/Swimming behaviors/Tissue structure/Lateolabrax maculatus分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
黄亚朝,姜燕,徐永江,杨洪军,崔爱君,薛致勇..急性氨氮胁迫对花鲈幼鱼行为和生理特性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2025,49(8):64-74,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401704) （2023YFD2401704）
山东省重点研发计划(2023TZXD050) （2023TZXD050）
泰山产业领军人才工程 （）
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD51和2024XT0701) （2023TD51和2024XT0701）
国家海水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-47)资助[Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2401704) （CARS-47）
Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2023TZXD050) （2023TZXD050）
Taishan Industrial Experts Program （）
Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2023TD51 and 2024XT0701) （2023TD51 and 2024XT0701）
Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47)] （CARS-47）
