实验技术与管理2025，Vol.42Issue(7)：58-65,8.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.07.008
椭圆形混合翼垂起无人机气动特性与飞行试验
Aerodynamic characteristics and flight testing of an elliptical hybrid-wing VTOL UAV
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Considering the practical application requirements,such as multipoint water quality sampling,river safety inspections,and small-scale emergency material delivery on water surfaces,four existing categories designs of small and medium vertical takeoff and landing(VTOL)unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)are integrated with their individual strengths and weaknesses.To make up for the limitations of providing lift only and short endurance of multirotor UAVs,while simultaneously balancing the high structural strength and lift enhancement during level flight,a novel elliptical hybrid-wing UAV configuration is proposed by fusing multiple rotors and fixed-wing structures.[Methods]With the basic configuration of an elliptical hybrid wing,two UAVs are designed with consideration of structural strength,low-speed flight performance,and controllability.The elliptical hybrid wing(comprising upper and lower elliptical wings and a fixed wing)is positioned ahead of the horizontal tail,with the midwing(straight fixed wing)and elliptical wing airfoils designed as NACA4412.For comparative analysis,a corresponding conventional fixed-wing UAV referred to as Plan C is also built.The lift-drag characteristics,pressure cloud diagrams,and streamline distributions of the three different configurations are analyzed through the K-Ω-SST turbulence model and FLUENT software.Additionally,the lift enhancement effects and drag influencing factors of different configurations are studied in detail.A prototype of the elliptical hybrid-wing UAV is fabricated,and multiple rounds of takeoff/landing flight tests are also conducted.[Results]Simulation results indicate that the elliptical hybrid wing exhibits a high lift coefficient.Compared to a straight fixed wing,the lift curve slope increased by 116.21%and 46.87%,while the maximum lift coefficient increased by 109.40%and 60.75%.In addition,the drag coefficient also increased with the elliptical wing,whereas the lift-to-drag ratio slightly decreased.The elliptical hybrid-wing design significantly improves stall characteristics at high angles of attack,and its stall performance is superior to that of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft,which has a stall angle of attack at 12°.At a 14° angle of attack,the upper surface of the hybrid wing maintains laminar flow,whereas the straight fixed-wing design experiences pronounced airflow separation.There exists an obvious high-pressure zone beneath the lower wing of the elliptical hybrid wing and the forward fixed wing,which effectively has a good flow field correction effect on the horizontal tail and can optimize the distribution in the horizontal tail and enhance control efficiency.Based on the simulation calculation results,a prototype of Plan B is developed.The prototype's flight tests confirm that the proposed elliptical hybrid-wing configurations have excellent VTOL and cruise performance with stable flight mode transitions and can achieve various functions,such as vertical takeoff and landing,flight mode switching,level flight cruising,and hovering over water for sampling.[Conclusions]The design plan has the following advantages:it supports VTOL with multirotor or tail-sitter configurations,and it has stable hovering capabilities over water for sampling,high-lift characteristics,and a high-strength structural design.This solution leverages the benefits of tail-sitter takeoff and landing and holds significant potential for other applications,such as continuous multipoint water quality sampling over water surfaces,rapid material delivery on water,and emergency water rescue operations.关键词
椭圆形混合翼/无人机/气动特性/垂直起降/多旋翼Key words
elliptical hybrid wing/unmanned aerial vehicle/aerodynamic characteristics/vertical takeoff and landing/multirotor分类
航空航天引用本文复制引用
刘战合,郭利欣,张璇,曾宪泽,王菁,崔晓森..椭圆形混合翼垂起无人机气动特性与飞行试验[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(7):58-65,8.基金项目
河南省科技攻关项目(252102221027,242102220052) （252102221027,242102220052）
河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2024SJGLX0405) （2024SJGLX0405）
