生态环境学报2025，Vol.34Issue(8)：1192-1202,11.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.004
核污染元素光化学检测方法的发展与前景
Development and Prospects of Photochemical Detection Methods for Elements of Nuclear Pollution
摘要
Abstract
Nuclear energy occupies an important position in the global energy system as a clean and efficient energy source.Nuclear energy is of great significance for promoting the optimization and sustainable development of energy structures.However,the release of radioactive substances that may be caused by nuclear accidents and nuclear waste disposal poses a serious threat to human health and the environment.The effective detection and supervision of nuclear pollution elements can provide timely warnings of nuclear accidents to ensure the sustainable development of the nuclear industry.This study systematically provides the common nuclide types in nuclear pollution,including radioactive elements such as uranium,strontium,cesium,and iodine,as well as their hazards to humans and the natural ecological environment,thus providing a scientific basis for understanding the risks of nuclear pollution.In the process of exploring nuclear pollution detection technologies,this article comprehensively introduces a variety of advanced methods including radioactive detection,atomic spectroscopy,mass spectrometry,and chemical probes.Special emphasis has been placed on recent developments in photochemical probe detection methods.Photochemical probe techniques offer distinct advantages in terms of sensitivity,selectivity,real-time monitoring capability,and portability.These features make it a powerful tool for rapid and accurate identification of nuclear contamination.With the rapid advancement of materials technology,the integration of organic small molecules,metal nanoparticles,carbon-based nanomaterials,metal-organic framework materials,covalent organic framework materials,and biological materials with photochemical probe technology has significantly enhanced the performance of sensors in detecting uranyl,strontium,iodide,iodine vapor,and cesium ions.Among these developments,the detection limits for uranyl,strontium,cesium,and iodide ions can be as low as 0.024 nmol∙L-1,0.500 nmol∙L-1,0.096 µM,and 0.176 nmol∙L-1,respectively.The high sensitivity at such low concentrations provides valuable insights into research directions focused on the real-time monitoring and rapid on-site assessment of nuclear contamination.In the future,photochemical detection methods for nuclear pollution will increasingly focus on environmental adaptability,operational simplicity,and cost-effectiveness.These enhancements aim to address actual needs across various scenarios,while providing robust technical support for global nuclear safety and environmental protection.关键词
核污染/放射性核素/光化学探针/离子检测/放射性测量/现场检测Key words
nuclear pollution/radioactive nuclide/photochemical probe/ion detection/radiometric measurement/on-site detection分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
贾琪琪,都新丰,袁益辉,王宁..核污染元素光化学检测方法的发展与前景[J].生态环境学报,2025,34(8):1192-1202,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金地区项目(22466016) （22466016）
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2167220) （U2167220）
国家自然科学基金重点项目参与(U23A20104) （U23A20104）
