生态环境学报2025，Vol.34Issue(8)：1203-1211,9.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.005
关于在核设施退役中加强土壤污染监管与防治工作的思考
Thoughts on Strengthening Soil Pollution Supervision and Prevention in the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
彭浩 1孙宏图 1滕柯延 1张爱玲 1吴迪 2朱培3
作者信息
- 1. 生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京 102445
- 2. 生态环境部,北京 100005
- 3. 国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁 大连 116023
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
Since the implementation of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Contamination in 2018,China has established a soil contamination risk control and remediation inventory system for land development based on the concept of improving soil environmental quality and promoting sustainable utilization of soil resources.This has provided a solid legal foundation for promoting high-quality development of soil remediation and management.The decommissioning of nuclear facilities involves a large amount of soil remediation and land resource reuse,and related work is managed through the construction project environmental impact assessment system under the guidance of the Law on Radioactive Contamination Prevention and Control and the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment.The early formulation of relevant documents did not match the current management concepts based on environmental quality improvement.This study conducts a systematic investigation of the current soil environmental supervision system and the current situation of soil radioactive contamination prevention and control supervision in China and compares them one by one from three aspects:regulatory framework,supervision procedures,and relevant technical indicators.For the first time,this study proposed and demonstrated the necessity and feasibility of introducing a soil contamination risk control and remediation inventory system for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities,and specific implementation suggestions were provided without changing the existing administrative approval system.Research has shown the following:1)There is consistency between the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the soil contamination risk control and remediation inventory system in terms of service objectives and management concepts,and it is feasible to introduce this system to the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.2)We can draw on the successful experience and mature practices of establishing a regulatory framework for soil contamination risk control in China and quickly improve the regulatory framework for soil contamination prevention and control in the decommissioning of nuclear facilities,including the formulation of departmental rules and relevant technical standards.3)The formulation of departmental rules aims to establish supervision procedures and optimize them through project pilots.4)The formulation and revision of technical standards should focus on clarifying dose guidelines,risk screening values,deduction models for acceptable levels of residual radioactivity in soil and related parameters,and principles and methods for investigating soil radioactive contamination sources.关键词
核设施退役/土壤污染防治/环境影响评价/风险管控/土壤修复/剩余放射性Key words
nuclear facilities decommissioning/soil contamination prevention and control/environmental impact assessment/risk management/soil remediation/residual radioactivity分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
彭浩,孙宏图,滕柯延,张爱玲,吴迪,朱培..关于在核设施退役中加强土壤污染监管与防治工作的思考[J].生态环境学报,2025,34(8):1203-1211,9.
