物理学报2025，Vol.74Issue(14)：62-72,11.DOI:10.7498/aps.74.20250369
大口径锥型玻璃管X射线透镜的设计与模拟
Design and simulation of X-ray lens with large diameter conical glass tube
摘要
Abstract
In high-energy density physics(HEDP)experiments,accurate diagnostics of physical parameters such as electron temperature,plasma density,and ionization state are essential for understanding matter behavior under extreme conditions.In these cases,X-ray spectroscopic technique,especially those using crystal spectrometers,is widely used to achieve high spectral resolution.However,a common challenge in such experiments lies in the inherent low brightness and poor spatial coherence of laboratory-based X-ray sources,which limit photon throughput,thus the diagnostic accuracy.Therefore,improving the X-ray optical transmission efficiency between the source and the detector is a key step to improve the performance of the whole system.Capillary X-ray optics,which function based on the principle of total internal reflection within hollow glass structures,provides a promising avenue for beam shaping,collimation,and focusing in the soft-to-hard X-ray range.These optical devices are usually divided into polycapillary type and monocapillary type.While polycapillary optics are composed of numerous micro-channels and used primarily for collimating or focusing divergent X-rays,monocapillary lenses-consisting of single curved channels-provide more precise beam control and are particularly suitable for customized X-ray pathways.Depending on the curvature of the inner reflective surface,monocapillaries are classified into conical,parabolic,and ellipsoidal geometries.In this study,we propose and analyze a novel design of a large-caliber conical glass tube,specifically tailored to address the issue of low light utilization in multi-channel focusing spectrographs with spatial resolution(FSSR).The proposed conical glass tube is made of a single large-diameter capillary structure,simplifying alignment requirements and reducing the surface manufacturing precision typically required by complex aspheric lenses.Its geometric configuration enables X-rays from extended or weak sources to be redirected and controlled to convergef,thereby improving photon collection without significantly altering beam divergence.To quantify the performance of this optical system,we develop a detailed mathematical ray-tracing model and implement it in MATLAB.The model combines physical parameters such as capillary inner diameter,taper angle,reflection loss,and source-detector geometry.Numerical simulations show that compared with traditional flat or slit based systems,the new conical design improves source utilization efficiency by 3.1 times.Furthermore,the lens exhibits a ring-shaped enhancement region in the output intensity profile,which can be regulated by adjusting the capillary geometry and source positioning.This feature enables the spatial customization of the beam profile,thereby facilitating optimized coupling with downstream spectroscopic components or imaging systems.In conclusion,the proposed large-aperture conical monocapillary X-ray lens provides a practical and efficient solution for enhancing X-ray optical transport in low-brightness source environments.Its simple construction,tunable focusing characteristics,and compatibility with diverse X-ray source types make it a compelling candidate for integration into a high-resolution X-ray diagnostic system,particularly in HEDP and laboratory-scale X-ray spectroscopy.This work not only introduces a novel optical approach but also provides a robust theoretical and simulation framework for guiding future experimental design and application of capillary-based X-ray optics.关键词
高能量密度/X光传输效率/锥型单毛细管/光线追迹法/X射线透镜Key words
high energy density physics research/X-ray transmission efficiency/conical single capillary/ray tracing method/X-ray lens引用本文复制引用
华陆,陈燕红,金雪剑,雷瑜,吴晓霞,王瑜玉,孙天希,程锐,杨杰,周泽贤,钟玉川,张金福,袁天语,史路林,王昭,陈宇鹏,王国东..大口径锥型玻璃管X射线透镜的设计与模拟[J].物理学报,2025,74(14):62-72,11.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2022YFA1602500)、深圳市科技计划(批准号:KJZD20230923114219040)和国家自然科学基金(批准号:12120101005,U2430208)资助的课题. Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602500),the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.KJZD20230923114219040),and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12120101005,U2430208). （批准号:2022YFA1602500）
