渔业信息与战略2025，Vol.40Issue(2)：110-122,13.DOI:10.13233/j.cnki.fishis.2025.02.004
裂腹鱼亚科染色体组型研究概述
An overview of chromosome karyotype research in Schizothoracinae
摘要
Abstract
Biodiversity reflected at the chromosomal level is called chromosomal diversity.It reveals the instability of various genera and species in their environments and highlights the close relationship between the two factors.Chromosome studies of fish provide us with important information about their evolutionary processes and taxonomic status.By studying the karyotype of Schizothoracinae,we may better understand their evolutionary history and adaptive mechanisms.In different environments,in order to adapt to environmental changes,species will show different degrees of genetic variation and phenotypic diversity,but the chromosome morphology remains relatively stable.Schizothoracinae are Cyprinidae fish distributed in high altitude areas.Chromosome number 2n=50 is the most primitive chromosome karyotype,and the chromosomes change from the primitive karyotype with increasing altitude.The main modes of variation are polyploidy(an increase in the composition of the entire chromosome),Robertson translocation(resulting in an increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes in aneuploidy),and chromosome structural rearrangement(resulting in a change in the number of chromosome arms).Of the 122 species within Schizothoracinae,less than 30%have determined their chromosome numbers,karyotypic formulas,and fundamental arm number(NF).In this study,we collected data on 34 species of Schizothoracinae,including their chromosome numbers,karyotypic formulas,NF,and calculated the NF/2n ratio.We summarized the evolutionary mechanisms and adaptive strategies from the perspective of chromosomal karyotypic characteristics,phylogenetic status of karyotypes,and ploidy levels.The results show that Gymnocypris dobula(2n=66)has the fewest chromosome numbers,while Ptychobarbus dipogon(2n>420)has the most.The majority of species have chromosome numbers ranging from 88 to 148,with the main karyotypic evolution being through tetraploidization.Chromosome diversity is widespread,and 9 species(including subspecies)have two different chromosome numbers and karyotypic formulas,indicating differences in chromosomes between different populations of the same species.Genetically,there is a potential ability to adapt to the plateau environment,and as the degree of specialization increases,the chromosome numbers show a stable evolutionary trend.关键词
裂腹鱼亚科/染色体数目/核型公式/适应性机制Key words
Schizothoracinae/chromosome number/karyotype formula/adaptive mechanism分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
苏麦耶·米尔阿迪力,程起群..裂腹鱼亚科染色体组型研究概述[J].渔业信息与战略,2025,40(2):110-122,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32273140) （32273140）
