新疆农业科学2025，Vol.62Issue(5)：1092-1101,10.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.006
施氮对棉花生长发育、产量及棉田土壤养分的影响
Effects of different nitrogen application rates on growth,development and yield composition of cotton
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The effects of different nitrogen application rates on cotton growth,yield and soil nutrients in cotton fields were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for scientific and rational nitrogen application of cotton.[Methods]Nitrogen gradient tests of 0(No),120(N120),240(N240),360(N360)and 480(N480)kg/hm2 were conducted in Hailou Town,Shaya County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang in 2021 and 2022.Cotton plant samples were collected at seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage,boll stage and batting stage,and were divided into stem,leaf,bud+flower+shell,batting and seed according to organ tissue,and the dry matter quality and yield were determined.After harvesting cotton,0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil were collected in each plot,and soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolable nitrogen,available phosphorus,avail-able potassium,pH and electrical conductivity were measured.[Results]During the growing period of cot-ton,dry matter accumulation increased at first and then decreased.Among them,N240 treated the largest a-mount of dry matter accumulation,16,696 kg/hm2 in 2021 and 12,167 kg/hm2 in 2022.With the progress of growth stage,the proportion of dry matter in vegetative organs of cotton gradually decreased,and the propor-tion of dry matter in stems decreased from 35.50％in seedling stage to 31.10％in flopping stage.The propor-tion of dry matter in leaves decreased from 63.51％in seedling stage to 19.11％in batting stage.The propor-tion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased gradually from 7.82％in bud stage to 42.55％in floc stage.Nitrogen application can significantly improve cotton boll weight per plant,boll number per plant and yield,and cotton yield conforms to the fertilizer effect function relationship of linear addition platform with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Among them,cotton yield under N240 treatment is the highest,which will be 4,960 kg/hm2 in 2021 and 6,172 kg/hm2 in 2022,respectively.Compared with N0 treatment,the yield increased by 23.26％and 31.70％,respectively.Nitrogen application in the same soil layer had no signifi-cant effects on organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,electrical conductivity and pH value of cotton field,but had significant effects on alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen.With the increase of nitrogen appli-cation,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen also increased,and the soil nutrient in 0-20cm was higher than that in 20-40cm.[Conclusion]Based on the changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton during the growth period,combined with the effects of nitrogen application on yield and component factors,and the chan-ges of soil nutrients in cotton field after harvest,according to the cotton fertilizer effect model,the recommen-ded nitrogen application amount of soil tested in 2021 and 2022 is 256 and 217 kg/hm2,respectively.关键词
施氮量/棉花/干物质/产量/土壤养分Key words
nitrogen application/cotton/dry matter/yield/soil nutrient分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陈创洲,张炎,哈丽哈什·依巴提,佘玲艺,樊林鑫,张优..施氮对棉花生长发育、产量及棉田土壤养分的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2025,62(5):1092-1101,10.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-3) （2020A01002-3）
农田智慧施肥项目(05) （05）
农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202104) The Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A01002-3) （25107020-202104）
The Farmland Intelligent Fer-tilization Project(05) （05）
The Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Physiology,Ecology and Farming in Desert Oasis,Ministry of Ag-riculture and Rural Affairs(25107020-202104) （25107020-202104）
