心理学报2025，Vol.57Issue(8)：1391-1413,中插5,24.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1391
高水平足球裁判员判罚决策的优势及神经机制
Performance and cognitive neuromechanisms of high-level football referees'foul decision-making
摘要
Abstract
The appropriateness of referees'decision-making in sports not only concerns the procedural fairness of the game process but also significantly affects the outcome of the match.Therefore,enhancing the quality and efficiency of referees'decision-making on the field is an urgent practical issue that needs to be addressed.This study attempts to provide insights from basic research into the resolution of this question by clarifying the behavioral manifestations and neural mechanisms of high-level football referees'decision-making.Considering the special requirements of football match rules,which is that the final decision-making is manifested as a comprehensive decision of"degree of infringement+tactical impact,"this study comprehensively considers three types of decisions in the experimental tasks:"degree of infringement,""tactical impact,"and the comprehensive"final decision(degree of infringement+tactical impact)." A total of 129 football referees at the national level and above,as well as first and third-level referees.They were recruited to perform decision-making tasks with 114 trials of 8 s foul videos(4 s vista+4 s close-up).A mixed experimental design was adopted in this study with three factors:3(referee level:national and above,first level,third level)×3(decision type:degree of infringement,tactical impact,final decision)×4(degree of foul:none,mild,moderate,severe).In this design,referee level is a between-subjects variable,while decision type and degree of foul are within-subjects variables.Decision-making behavior indicators were recorded,and functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to synchronously collect Hemoglobin Oxygen(HbO)during the decision-making tasks. After conducting the experiment with the designed tasks and data collection methods,the following differences and relationships in referees'decision-making processes were discovered.1)The reaction time for decision-making regarding tactical impact was longer than that for the severity of the infringement and the final decision for referees of all levels.National-level and above football referees had higher decision-making accuracy for"none"and"light"foul severity across all decision types compared to first and third-level referees,which corresponds to the activation of the left precuneus.2)National-level and above referees showed different brain activation patterns compared to referees of other levels during decision-making:under the condition of tactical impact,there was stronger activation in the left superior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,and right middle occipital gyrus;under the condition of infringement severity,there was stronger activation in the superior frontal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus.3)National-level and above referees had a greater association between correct decision-making in tactical impact and final decision-making and the prefrontal and occipital brain regions. Based on the above-mentioned research findings,we can draw the following inferences about the characteristics and mechanisms of high-level football referees'decision-making.1)Decision-making for"none"and"light"foul severity is a primary advantage for high-level football referees.2)High-level football referees exhibit stronger activation in corresponding brain regions when making decisions on infringement severity and tactical impact,confirming the role of the referee's experience level and the three-stage decision-making model in football refereeing decisions.3)High-level referees have a close relationship with the prefrontal and occipital cortices during tactical impact and final decision-making,leading to a cautious and efficient decision-making process.关键词
足球裁判员/判罚决策/犯规程度/决策类型/功能性近红外光谱成像技术Key words
football referees/foul decision making/foul level/decision type/functional near-infrared spectroscopy分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
水祎舟,车翔,赵治豪,张禹,李杰,刘晨涛,密思雨,万炳军,游旭群..高水平足球裁判员判罚决策的优势及神经机制[J].心理学报,2025,57(8):1391-1413,中插5,24.基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CTY008) （22CTY008）
中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2024T170538)资助. （2024T170538）
