中国草食动物科学2025，Vol.45Issue(4)：19-28,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2025.00.023
不同青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质、营养成分、分子结构特性及体外瘤胃降解率的影响
Effects of Different Silage Additives on the Fermentation Quality,Nutrients Composition,Molecular Structure Characteristics and in vitro Rumen Degradation Rate of Whole-plant Corn Silage
摘要
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different silage additives on the fermentation quality,nutritional composition,molecular structure,and in vitro rumen degradability of whole-plant corn silage,providing a basis for im-proving its feed quality.A completely randomized design with a single-factor approach was adopted.Four treatment groups were established:the control group(distilled water),the lactic acid bacteria group(1×108 CFU/g),the organic acid group(ammonium propionate,formic acid,and propionic acid in a ratio of 9:7:1),and the calcium propionate group(0.3％).Each additive was evenly sprayed onto the raw material at a ratio of 1 mL/kg,with six replicates per treatment.The samples were ensiled in darkness for 60 days before analyzing their nutritional value and molecular structural pa-rameters.The results showed as follows:①The pH of the organic acid group was significantly lower than that of the control and calcium propionate groups(P<0.05),while its lactic acid content was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05).The acetic acid content in the control group was significantly higher than in the other groups(P<0.05).The ammonia nitrogen content in the lactic acid bacteria group was significantly lower than in the other groups(P<0.05).②Different additives significantly affected the protein and carbohydrate composition of whole-plant corn silage(P<0.05).The crude protein content in the calcium propionate group was significantly higher than in the other groups(P<0.05).The control group exhibited significantly higher contents of soluble crude protein,non-protein nitrogen,acid deter-gent insoluble crude protein,acid detergent lignin,carbohydrates,soluble fiber,and indigestible fiber compared to the other groups(P<0.05),while its neutral detergent insoluble crude protein and cellulose contents were significantly lower(P<0.05).The lactic acid bacteria group had significantly lower ammonia,soluble true protein,and neutral detergent fiber contents(P<0.05),but significantly higher insoluble true protein,non-fiber carbohydrates,and starch contents compared to the other groups(P<0.05).Additionally,its acid detergent fiber content was significantly lower than that of the calcium propionate and organic acid groups(P<0.05).The organic acid group had the lowest undegradable protein content(P<0.05),but the highest organic acid and water-soluble carbohydrate contents among all groups(P<0.05).③Significant dif-ferences in the molecular structural parameters of carbohydrates and proteins were observed among the treatment groups(P<0.05).The organic acid group exhibited significantly higher total peak area in the amide region,peak area in the amide I region,and β-sheet peak height compared to the calcium propionate and lactic acid bacteria groups(P<0.05).The cal-cium propionate group had significantly higher total carbohydrate subpeak II height,peak area,and total peak area than the control and organic acid groups(P<0.05).④Significant differences were found in in vitro ruminal fermentation para-meters among the treatment groups(P<0.05).The lactic acid bacteria group had the lowest ammonia nitrogen content among all groups(P<0.05).The organic acid group exhibited a significantly higher dry matter degradability than the con-trol and calcium propionate groups(P<0.05).The control group had significantly higher propionic acid,isobutyric acid,isovaleric acid,and valeric acid contents than the other groups(P<0.05),and its acetic acid content was significantly higher than that of the lactic acid bacteria and organic acid groups(P<0.05).⑤Significant correlations were observed be-tween the molecular structural parameters of carbohydrates and proteins and the nutritional composition of whole-plant corn silage(P<0.05).In conclusion,organic acid treatment can effectively lower the pH of whole-plant corn silage,promote lactic acid accumulation,improve silage fermentation quality,and enhance dry matter rumen degradability.关键词
添加剂/全株玉米青贮/营养价值/分子结构/瘤胃降解率Key words
additives/whole-plant corn silage/nutritional value/molecular structures/ruminal degradability分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
丁倓秋宇,马静,徐良成,蔡晓蕊,王茜,廖宇鹏,郭春华,史海涛..不同青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮发酵品质、营养成分、分子结构特性及体外瘤胃降解率的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2025,45(4):19-28,10.基金项目
国家重点研发项目(2022YFD1601605) （2022YFD1601605）
国家现代农业产业技术体系四川肉羊创新团队建设专项(SCCXTD-2024-14) （SCCXTD-2024-14）
西南民族大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202410656072) （S202410656072）
国家民委中青年英才培养计划项目(2020) （2020）
