中国地质2025，Vol.52Issue(3)：932-944,13.DOI:10.12029/gc20230516002
白云岩矿的特征、成因类型、分布及开发利用价值
Characteristics,types,distributions and utilization value of dolomite deposit
摘要
Abstract
This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering. [Objective]Dolomite not only serves as an excellent oil and gas reservoir but also represents a critical non-metallic mineral resource.Dolomite ore is a vital raw material for producing metallic magnesium.China is the world's largest holder of magnesium resource reserves and the top producer of magnesium globally.Consequently,magnesium resources are considered a key strategic mineral.Investigating the characteristics,genesis,distribution,and development value of dolomite deposits is essential for safeguarding national mineral resource security.[Methods]By compiling relevant domestic and international literature,this study systematically summarizes the characteristics,genetic mechanisms,distribution patterns,and utilization value of dolomite deposits.[Results]Dolomite is primarily composed of the mineral dolomite,which crystallizes in the trigonal system and often exhibits rhombohedral crystal forms.Based on genetic classification,dolomite can be categorized into primary dolomite,diagenetic dolomite,and epigenetic dolomite.It is widely accepted that dolomite forms predominantly through metasomatic processes,retaining varying degrees of the original limestone structure,which may be disrupted during multiple phases of dolomitization or cementation.[Conclusions]In China,dolomite deposits are distributed across nearly all geological eras,though the majority are located at significant depths,with only a fraction exposed at the surface,meeting mining requirements.Dolomite is most extensively developed in the Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata,while occurrences in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are restricted to localized regions.Dolomite has diverse industrial applications,including use as a metallurgical flux(MgO≥ 15％),refractory material(MgO≥18％),raw material for magnesium extraction(MgO ≥19％),cement production(MgO＞18％),construction materials,pharmaceutical production of Epsom salts,agricultural fertilizers(MgO＞20％),and animal feed additives.As a multifunctional non-metallic resource,China boasts abundant dolomite reserves,with metallurgical-grade dolomite resources totaling 1.875 billion tons.As the world's largest magnesium reserve holder(accounting for over 20％of global reserves)and top producer,China produced 893600 tons of primary raw magnesium in 2022,with exports exceeding 500000 tons.Magnesium resources thus hold strategic importance,and the rapid growth of the magnesium industry is expected to drive increased demand for dolomite mineral resources.关键词
白云岩矿/矿物特点/成因类型/分布特征/利用价值/矿产勘查工程Key words
dolomite deposits/mineral characteristics/genetic types/distribution features/utilization value/mineral exploration engineering分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
刘丽红,韩淼,田亚,姜鹍鹏,张岩,姜磊,刘亚雷..白云岩矿的特征、成因类型、分布及开发利用价值[J].中国地质,2025,52(3):932-944,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41802173)、中国地质调查局项目(DD20221674,DD20230042,DD20230311)、中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心科技创新基金项目(油科创[2023]-YC02)联合资助. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41802173),the projects of China Geological Survey(No.DD20221674,No.DD20230042,No.DD20230311)and Science and Technology Innovation Project of Oil & Gas Survey,China Geological Survey(No.2023YC02). （41802173）
