中国地质调查2025，Vol.12Issue(3)：128-137,10.DOI:10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.327
铁路场段土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态风险评价
Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils in railway depots
摘要
Abstract
Railway transportation is an important potential source of the heavy metals in soils.In order to explore the spatial distribution pattern and pollution level of soil heavy metals in railway depots,the authors selected a lo-comotive depot,a vehicle depot and a marshalling yard in the northern part of China as the study object and meas-ured the heavy metals(As,Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,and Ni)content of the respective 16 samples from locomotive dep-ot and vehicle depot,and 6 samples from the marshalling yard.The distribution characteristics of heavy metal in each railway depot were analyzed by comparing with the standards,and their correlation relationships were identi-fied.The environmental quality and ecological risks of heavy metals in the soils of each depot were evaluated by Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson ecological risk assessment method.The results are as fol-lows.① There is a phenomenon of heavy metal accumulation in the railway depot,but the accumulation degree is relatively light without a sign of exceeding the standard.② The spatial distribution of Pb and Cd content in the lo-comotive depot and Cu,Cd,and Pb content in the vehicle depot has huge variations.The accumulation of heavy metals is greatly affected by human activities,and Pb and Cd content in the soils of the oil depot,washing work-shop,and boiler room of the locomotive depot is higher.Cu,Pb,and Cd content in the soils of the boiler room,substation,pre-inspection and pre-repair warehouse,wheelset overhaul workshop,and command center of the vehicle depot is higher as well.Furthermore,the divergences in the process of each railway depot will lead to the accumulation of different heavy metals in the soil.③ There is a significant positive correlation between Cd content and Pb and As content,and these heavy metals may be influenced by the factors such as oil combustion exhaust gases,storage and usage of oil,vehicle exhaust gases,and railway coal transportation.④ The results of compre-hensive soil environmental quality assessment show that there is no pollution in each depot,and the ecological risk degree of each depot is at the lowest level.This research results could provide references for the design,opera-tion,and soil environmental impact assessment of railway depots.关键词
土壤重金属/铁路机务段/铁路车辆段/铁路编组场/生态风险评价Key words
heavy metals in soils/railway locomotive depot/railway soil vehicle depot/railway marshalling yard/ecological risk assessment分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
徐白璐..铁路场段土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态风险评价[J].中国地质调查,2025,12(3):128-137,10.基金项目
中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科技研究计划开发项目"铁路场段土壤污染现状研究及环境影响评价技术探析(编号:2021KY30ZD(STHB)-01)"及中国铁建股份有限公司科研计划课题"铁路场段土壤重金属及总石油烃污染现状及防治措施研究(编号:2021-C51)"联合资助. （编号:2021KY30ZD(STHB）
