摘要
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a major microvascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM),clinically classified into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).The pathogenesis of DR is complex,involving pathological processes including oxidative stress(OS),mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses.Long-term hyperglycemic environment activates multiple metabolic pathways such as the polyol pathway,hexosamine pathway,protein kinase C(PKC),and advanced glycation end products(AGEs),leading to increased reactive oxygen species(ROS).During DR progression,Müller cells,microglia,and astrocytes are activated,producing inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukins(IL),with vitreous TNF-α levels in PDR patients 5-10 times higher than normal controls and IL-6 levels approximately 20 times higher,promoting blood-retinal barrier dysfunction and accelerating DR progression.This review summarizes the pathogenic mechanisms of DR and the role of inflammatory factors,providing a basis for exploring novel therapeutic targets.关键词
糖尿病视网膜病变/炎症反应/发病机制/炎症因子Key words
diabetic retinopathy/inflammatory response/pathogenesis/inflammatory factor分类
医药卫生
